Bolometers : theory, types and applications / Torrence M. Walcott, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Walcott, Torrence M.

Series:

Physics research and technology.

Physics research and technology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Bolometer.

Bolometer--Industrial applications.

Detectors.

Electromagnetic devices.

Terahertz technology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (213 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Gathers and presents research in the study of bolometers including investigations of properties of high temperature superconducting bolometers, operating uncooled resistive bolometers in a closed-loop mode, as well as a review on thin-film micro-bolometers with Si-Ge thermo-sensing films deposited from plasma discharge.

Contents:

Intro

BOLOMETERS: THEORY, TYPES AND APPLICATIONS

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 THIN FILM MICRO-BOLOMETERS WITH SI-GE THERMO-SENSING FILMS DEPOSITED FROM PLASMA DISCHARGE

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PRINCIPLE OF PERFORMANCE

2.1. Bolometer Operation

2.2. Characteristics of the Bolometer

a) Responsivity

b) Noise

c) Detectivity

d) Thermal Response Time

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN AND MATERIALS

3.1. Properties of Bolometer Materials

a) Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

b) Thermal Conductance

c) Thermal Capacitance

4. SILICON-GERMANIUM AS THERMO-SENSING MATERIAL DEPOSITED BY PLASMA

4.1. Different Thermo Sensing Materials

4.2. Study of Silicon-Germanium Thin Films Deposited by Plasma

a) Deposition rate (Vd)

b) Composition

c) Electrical Properties

4.3. Study of Silicon-Germanium-Boron Alloys as Thermo-Sensing Films

a) Samples Preparation

b) Results of Films Characterization

5. MODELING

5.1. Introduction

5.2. 2D Modeling

5.3. Results of Modeling

5.4. Experimental Results Relevant to Modeling

6. MICRO-BOLOMETERS CONFIGURATIONS AND FABRICATION

6.1. Micro-Bolometer Configurations

7. CHARACTERIZATION OF MICRO-BOLOMETERS

7.1. Characterization of Temperature Dependence of Conductivity in the Films and Estimation of Thermal Coefficient of Resistance, TCR

7.2. I(U) Measurements in Dark and under Infrared (IR) Radiation

7.3. Calculation of Responsivity

7.4. Noise Measurements

7.5. Calculation of Detectivity

7.6. Thermal Response Time Characterization

7.7. Temperature Dependence of Thermal Resistance and Calibration Curve

8. MICRO-BOLOMETERS IN THZ REGION

8.1. Experimental Details

8.2 Results

9. ALTERNATIVE (NON-RESISTIVE) MICROBOLOMETERS

10. COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE DEVICES.

11. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Section 5

Section 6

Section 7

Section 8

Section 9

Section 10

Chapter 2 INVESTIGATIONS OF PROPERTIES OF HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING BOLOMETERS

2. BOLOMETER NOISE THEORY AND MODELING

2.1. Principle of Bolometer Operation and Theory of Noise in Bolometers

2.2. Bolometer Noise Modeling

2.2.1. Passive Operational Modes with Constant Current Bias (CCM) and Constant Voltage Bias (CVM)

2.2.2. Operational Mode of HTSC Bolometer with Active Negative Electrothermal Feedback (АNETF)

3. EXCESS 1/F NOISE IN HTSC FILMS FOR BOLOMETERS

4. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL NOISE RESEARCH OF HTSC BOLOMETERS

4.1. Noise of Antenna-Couple HTSC Microbolometers

4.2. Noise of HTSC Bolometers Based on Silicon Micromachining Technology

CONCLUSION

Chapter 3 OPERATING UNCOOLED RESISTIVE BOLOMETERS IN A CLOSED-LOOP MODE

Notation Conventions

Bolometer Principle and Model

2. CLOSED-LOOP OPERATION FOR BOLOMETERS

2.1. Advantages of Closed-Loop Operation for Bolometers

2.1.1. Linearization and Wider Dynamic Range

2.1.2. Operation around a Working Point

2.1.3. Extended Bandwidth

2.1.4. Noise Performance

2.2. Implementations of the Closed-Loop Configurations

2.2.1. Electrical Substitution or Electric Equivalence Principle

2.2.2. Electrical Heat Feedback for Resistive Bolometers

2.2.2.1. Type 1

2.2.2.2.Type 2

2.2.2.3. Type 3

2.2.2.4.Comparison

3. TOWARD SMART BOLOMETERS

Chapter 4 A SECURITY CAMERA AS AN EXAMPLE FOR A THZ IMAGING APPLICATION

2. THZ CAMERA

3. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF TRANSITION EDGE SENSORS

4. OPERATION OF TRANSITION EDGE SENSORS

4.1. Cooling.

4.2. Radiation Coupling

4.3. Thermal Considerations

4.4. Mapping Speed and Array Size

4.5. Scalability

5. TRANSITION EDGE SENSORS FOR A SECURITY CAMERA

5.1. Fabrication of Transition Edge Sensors on Silicon Nitride Membranes

5.2. Optical System

5.3. Scanning System

5.4. Amplification Electronics and Data Processing

5.5. Camera Performance

Chapter 5 NOISE PROPERTIES OF HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSITION EDGE BOLOMETERS WITH ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK

INTRODUCTION

2. THEORY

2.1. Modes of HTSС Bolometer Operation

2.2. Characteristics of HTSС Bolometers in Passive CCM and CVM Modes

2.3. Characteristics of HTSС Bolometers in Active ANETF Mode

3. NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MODELLING

3.1. Comparative Numerical Modeling in Passive CCM and CVM Modes

3.2. Comparative Numerical and Experimental Modeling in CCM and ANETF Modes

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 6 COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF PASSIVE AND ACTIVE OPERATING MODES FOR HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSITION EDGE BOLOMETERS WITH ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK FOR INFRARED WAVES

2. BOLOMETER THEORY

2.1. Modes of HTSC Bolometer Operation

2.2. Characteristics of HTSC Bolometers in CCM and CVM

2.3. Characteristics of HTSC Bolometers in ANETF Mode

3. SAMPLES

4. NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MODELING

4.1. Comparative Numerical Modeling in Passive CCM and CVM Modes

4.2. Comparative Numerical and Experimental Modeling in CCM and ANETF Modes

4.3. Temperature Stabilization of Bolometer Operating Point

Chapter 7 EXPERIMENTAL MODELLING ACTIVE STRONG ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK MODE FOR HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTING BOLOMETER ON SILICON NITRIDE MEMBRANE

2. BOLOMETER THEORY.

3. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE AND RESULTS

Chapter 8 YBCO FILMS ON SRTIO3 SUBSTRATES WITH RECORDLY LOW 1/F NOISE FOR BOLOMETER APPLICATIONS

2. NOISE EQUIVALENT POWER AND NOISE VOLTAGE OF HTSC BOLOMETER

3. SAMPLES AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE

4. MAIN RESULTS OBTAINED AND DISCUSSION

5. ESTIMATION OF BOLOMETERS

Chapter 9 ABSOLUTE HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTING RADIOMETER WITH ELECTRICAL-SUBSTITUTION FOR X-RAYS MEASUREMENTS

2. DESIGN, PRINCIPLE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIOMETER

2.1. Design and Principle of Operation

2.2. Calculated Characteristics

3. INTERACTION OF THE RADIOMETER WITH RADIATION

Effect of Radiometer Interaction with Radiation on Accuracy of Measurements

Other Factors Having Influence on Efficiency of Radiometer Measurements

4. CONCLUSION

INDEX

Blank Page.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-61728-735-0

OCLC:

785911195