Aquatic animals : biology, habitats and threats / David L. Eder, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Eder, David L.

Series:

Marine biology (New York (N.Y.))

Animal science, issues, and professions series.

Marine biology

Animal science, issues and professions

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Aquatic animals--Microbiology.

Aquatic animals.

Aquatic animals--Toxicology.

Aquatic animals--Diseases.

Aquatic habitats.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (217 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This book presents topical research from across the globe in the study of the biology, habitats and threats to aquatic animals. Topics discussed include the acoustic ecology of pinnipeds in polar habitats; the immunotoxicological reactivity of hemocytes of juvenile mudcrabs; the potential threat of genotoxic metals to marine mammal health; toxic contaminants in aquatic medium concerns and the role of bacteria in the chilled storage and cryopreservation of sperm in aquatic animals.

Contents:

Intro

AQUATIC ANIMALS

CONTENTS

PREFACE

ACOUSTIC ECOLOGY OF PINNIPEDS IN POLAR HABITATS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

What is Acoustic Ecology?

POLAR REGIONS

SUB POLAR REGIONS

POLAR REGIONS AS HABITAT FOR PINNIPEDS

Adaptations for Life in An Ice Habitat

Different Species Use Different Ice Types

The Role of Vocalizations for Polar Pinnipeds

POLAR PINNIPED ACOUSTIC ECOLOGY

Impact of Ice on the Acoustic Environment

Seasonal Variation in the Biotic Soundscape and Inter-Specific Competition for Acoustic Space

Territoriality in an Unstable Environment

ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS

Habitat Modification

Ecosystem Alteration

Stresses to Body Condition and Health

Increased Human Interactions

CASE STUDY: ARCTIC PINNIPEDS

Acoustic Data: Bering Sea

Acoustic Activity of Arctic Pinnipeds in Relation to Ice Conditions

Inter-Specific Vocal Comparison of Arctic Pinnipeds

CASE STUDY: ANTARCTIC PINNIPEDS

Acoustic Data: PALAOA

Acoustic Activity of Antarctic Pinnipeds in Relation to Ice Conditions

CONCLUSION

What Can We Learn by Taking a Bi-Polar/Comparative Approach?

Outlook

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Reviewed by

REFERENCES

IMMUNOTOXICOLOGICAL REACTIVITY OF HEMOCYTE OF JUVENILE MUDCRAB OF SUNDARBANS BIOSPHERE RESERVE OF INDIA

MATERIALS AND METHODS

1. Collection, Transportation and Maintenance of S. Serrata

2. Treatment with Sodium Arsenite

3. Collection of Hemolymph

4. Testing of Cell Viability

5. Determination of Total Hemocyte Count (THC)

6. Aggregation Assay

7. Non-Self Surface Adhesion Assay

8. Assay of Phagocytic Response Under the Challenged Yeast

9. Activity of Superoxide Anion (O2-)

10. Activity of Nitric Oxide (NO)

11. Activity of Phenoloxidase (PO)

12. Estimation of Protein.

13. Statistical Analyses

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

THE POTENTIAL THREAT OF GENOTOXIC METALS TO MARINE MAMMAL HEALTH: A CASE STUDY OF CHROMIUM TOXICITY IN TOOTHED AND BALEEN WHALES

Biopsy Collection

Development of Whale Cell Lines

Cr(VI) Compounds

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy

Measuring Cell Death

Measuring Clastogenicity

RESULTS

Determining Cr in Levels in Whale Skin

Evaluating the Toxicity of Cr to Cetaceans

Toxicity Context from the Cr Literature

Toxicity Context from Whale Cell Culture Studies

Cr Cytotoxicity Studies in Whale Cells

Cr Genotoxicity Studies in Whale Cells

HYALELLA GENUS: ANTHROPOGENIC THREATS TO A BIOINDICATOR

OBJECTIVE

Hyalella Genus and Chemical Stressors

Biomarkers as Means of Assessing the Toxicity

THE AROMATIC HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR MEDIATED CYTOCHROME P450 1A INDUCTION IN AQUATIC ANIMALS: BIOMONITORING OF ORGANIC POLLUTION IN AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. CYTOCHROME P450 - ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION

3. MECHANISM OF CYTOCHROMEP 450

4. CYTOCHROME P450 IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS

5. CATALYTIC CYCLE OF CYP450 AND MONOOXYGENASE REACTION

6. CYP450 MEDIATED XENOBIOTIC (BENZO(A)PYRENE) METABOLISM IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS

7. AROMATIC HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR (AHR) AND ITS MECHANISM

8. AHR IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS

9. CYP1A AS A BIOMARKER TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

10. FUTURE DIRECTIONS

ROLE OF BACTERIA IN THE CHILLED STORAGE AND CRYOPRESERVATION OF SPERM IN AQUATIC ANIMALS: A REVIEW

1. A SHORT OVERVIEW OF THEORY ON CHILLED STORED- AND CRYOPRESERVED SPERM

1.1. Sperm Quality

1.2. Short-Term Storage of Sperm.

1.3. Long-Term Storage of Sperm

2. BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN THE CHILLED STORED- AND CRYOPRESERVED SPERM

2.1. Occurrence of Bacteria in Aquatic Animals

2.2. Type and Number of Bacteria in Sperms of Aquatic Animals

2.3. Bacterial Profiles in the Chilled Stored Sperm/ Spermatophores of Aquatic Animals

2.3.1. Effect of Extenders on Bacterial Profiles in the Chilled Storage Process

2.3.2. Role of Contaminated Bacteria in Chilled Storage Process

2.3.3. Effect of Antibiotics on Contaminated Bacteria in Chilled Stored Sperm

2.4. Bacterial Profiles in Cryopreserved Sperm/ Spermatophores of Aquatic Animals

2.4.1. Change in Bacterial Flora of Cryopreserved Sperm/Spermatophores During Storage in Liquid Nitrogen

3. BIOSECURITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF CRYOPRESERVED SPERM

4. CONCLUDING REMARKS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

INDEX.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-61470-131-8

OCLC:

828869736