State of the world's vaccines and immunization.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

World Health Organization

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Immunization of children--Planning.

Immunization of children.

Communicable diseases in children--Prevention.

Communicable diseases in children.

Vaccines.

Physical Description:

116 p.

Edition:

Rev. ed. 2003.

Place of Publication:

[Geneva] : World Health Organization, 2003.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This latest edition of State of the World's Vaccines and Immunization highlights the immense progress made in global immunization since the mid-1990s. These achievements include the near-eradication of polio worldwide as well as dramatic reductions in the incidence of measles and maternal and neonatal tetanus in some of the lowest-income countries. This report also charts progress in the development and introduction of new life-saving vaccines that have the potential to save millions of lives each year. However, the report also points out that many children have yet to benefit from these achievements. In Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, only about 50% of children are immunized during their first year of life. The report highlights obstacles to equitable world-wide access to effective and safe immunization and how these can be overcome.

Contents:

Cover

Acknowledgements

Contents

Acronyms

Foreword

Call to action

Executive summary

Figure 1: Children not immunized (DTP3), 2001

Part 1: Immunization challenges

1. Coverage gaps

Figure 2: Immunization coverage, 1980-2001, 3 doses DTP - global and by region

2. Health service delivery gaps

3. Gaps in access to new vaccines

Figure 3: Number of childhood vaccines routinely used in developing and established market countries

4. R&amp

D gaps

Figure 4: Average vaccine development costs per product

5. Immunization safety gaps

Vaccine quality and safety

Injection safety

6. Finance gaps

Figure 5: Cost profile of immunization programmes

Part 2: Charting a way forward

1. The power of partnership: GAVI

New ways of working

Achieving the common targets

Figure 6: GAVI-Vaccine Fund support

2. Development and introduction of new vaccines

Guaranteeing a market

Figure 7: Immunization - from research to disease prevention

Clinical trials

Tiered pricing

Recent trends in the vaccine market

Figure 8: Manufacturers leaving the development country market, 1992-2001

3. Improving immunization services

Capacity building support

Immunization as a platform for other health services

Reaching the unreached

Harnessing new technology

New initiatives on immunization safety

Assuring vaccine quality and safety

Figure 9: Status of national regulatory authorities (NRAs) June 2002

Safer injections

4. Financing vaccines and immunization

Mobilizing increased financing of immunization

Figure 10: Variability in sources of financing of immunization programmes for selected countries

National funding commitments

New financing mechanisms

Part 3: Vaccines update

1. Underused vaccines

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Hepatitis B.

Figure 11: Number of countries introduced HepB vaccine and global HepB3 coverage, 1989-2001

Yellow fever

Rubella (German measles)

2. Eradication or elimination of vaccine-preventable diseases

Figure 12: Polio - the last child

Polio

Measles

Figure 13: Reported measles cases and coverage with MCV - Eastern European Region 1971-2000

Figure 14: Maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination status as of July 2002

Maternal and neonatal tetanus

3. Priority new vaccines

HIV/AIDS

Malaria

Tuberculosis (TB)

Pneumococcal disease (Streptococcus pneumoniae)

Meningococcal meningitis

Rotavirus diarrhoea

4. Neglected vaccines

Shigella dysentery

Dengue

Japanese encephalitis

Leishmaniasis

Schistosomiasis

Cholera

5. Other vaccines

Cervical cancer (HPV)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Herpes simplex virus type 2

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)

Part 4: Conclusion

Investing in immunization

Towards a brighter future

Annex 1: Prequalified vaccines

Annex 2: Glossary of vaccine terms

Annex 3

A national immunization schedule for infants in developing countries

A national immunization schedule for infants in industrial countries

Annex 4: Statistical annex

Photo credits.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

ISBN:

1-280-06062-X

9786610060627

92-4-068134-5

OCLC:

437176297