Fundamentals of inkjet printing : the science of inkjet and droplets / edited by Stephen D. Hoath.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Hoath, Stephen D., editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Printing ink.

Ink-jet printing.

Ink-jet printers.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (474 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlag, [2016].

Language Note:

English

Summary:

From droplet formation to final applications, this practical book presents the subject in a comprehensive and clear form, using only content derived from the latest published results. Starting at the very beginning, the topic of fluid mechanics is explained, allowing for a suitable regime for printing inks to subsequently be selected. There then follows a discussion on different print-head types and how to form droplets, covering the behavior of droplets in flight and upon impact with the substrate, as well as the droplet's wetting and drying behavior at the substrate. Commonly observed effects, such as the coffee ring effect, are included as well as printing in the third dimension. The book concludes with a look at what the future holds. As a unique feature, worked examples both at the practical and simulation level, as well as case studies are included. As a result, students and engineers in R&D will come to fully understand the complete process of inkjet printing.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

List of Contributors

Preface

Chapter 1 Introductory Remarks

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Drop Formation: Continuous Inkjet and Drop-on-Demand

1.3 Surface Tension and Viscosity

1.4 Dimensionless Groups in Inkjet Printing

1.5 Length and Time Scales in Inkjet Printing

1.6 The Structure of This Book

1.7 Symbols Used

References

Chapter 2 Fluid Mechanics for Inkjet Printing

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Fluid Mechanics

2.3 Dimensions and Units

2.4 Fluid Properties

2.4.1 Density

2.4.2 Viscosity

2.4.2.1 Newtonian Fluids

2.4.2.2 Non-Newtonian Fluids

2.4.3 Surface Tension

2.5 Force, Pressure, Velocity

2.6 Fluid Dynamics

2.6.1 Equations of Fluid Dynamics

2.6.1.1 Conservation of Mass

2.6.1.2 Conservation of Momentum

2.6.1.3 Conservation of Energy

2.6.2 Solving the Equations of Fluid Dynamics

2.7 Computational Fluid Dynamics

2.7.1 Preprocessor

2.7.2 Solver

2.7.3 Postprocessor

2.8 Inkjet Systems

2.8.1 Inkjet Modeling Challenges

2.8.1.1 Free-Surface Analysis

2.8.1.2 Fluid-Structure Interaction

2.8.1.3 Phase Change Analysis

2.8.1.4 Ink-Media Interaction

2.8.1.5 Non-Newtonian Fluids

2.8.2 Inkjet Processes

2.8.2.1 DOD Droplet Generation

2.8.2.2 CIJ Droplet Generation

2.8.2.3 Crosstalk

2.8.2.4 Aerodynamic Effects

2.8.2.5 Ink-Media Interactions

Summary

Acknowledgments

Chapter 3 Inkjet Printheads

3.1 Thermal versus Piezoelectric Inkjet Printing

3.2 Thermal Inkjet

3.2.1 Boiling Mechanism

3.2.1.1 Theoretical Model

3.2.1.2 Observation of Boiling Bubble Behavior

3.2.2 Printhead Structure

3.2.3 Jetting Characteristics of TIJs

3.2.3.1 Input Power Characteristics and Heat Control of TIJs

3.2.3.2 Frequency Response and Crosstalk Control.

3.2.4 Problems Associated with Pressure and Heat Generated in TIJs

3.2.4.1 Cavitation Damage on the Heater Surface

3.2.4.2 Ink Residue Scorching (Kogation) on the Heater Surface

3.2.5 Evaporation of Water in Aqueous Ink

3.2.5.1 Approaches to Compensate for Condensed Ink through Evaporation

3.2.5.2 Measurement of Physical Properties of Flying Droplets

3.3 Future Prospects for Inkjets

3.3.1 Printing Speed Limit Estimated by Drop Behavior

3.3.2 Control of Bleeding Caused by High-Speed Drying

3.4 Continuous Inkjet (CIJ)

3.5 Examples and Problems (TIJ)

3.5.1 Example

3.5.2 Problem

3.6 Piezo Inkjet Printhead

3.6.1 Introduction

3.6.2 Working Principle

3.6.3 Ink Channel Behavior

3.6.3.1 Residual Oscillations

3.6.4 Control of Inkjet Printhead

3.6.4.1 Constrained Actuation Pulse Design

3.6.4.2 Complex Actuation Pulse Design: Feedforward Control Approach

3.6.5 Industrial Applications

Chapter 4 Drop Formation in Inkjet Printing

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 Continuous Inkjet Printing

4.1.2 Drop-on-Demand Inkjet Printing

4.2 Drop Formation in Continuous Inkjet Printing

4.2.1 Rayleigh-Plateau Instability

4.2.2 Satellite Formation

4.2.3 Final Droplet Velocity

4.2.3.1 Capillary Deceleration

4.2.3.2 Acceleration due to Advection

4.3 Analysis of Droplet Formation in Drop-on-Demand Inkjet Printing

4.3.1 The Scenario of the Analyzed Droplet Formation

4.3.1.1 Head Droplet Formation

4.3.1.2 Tail Formation

4.3.1.3 Pinch-Off and Tail Breakup

4.4 Worked Examples

4.4.1 Tail Formation for the Purely Inertial Case

4.4.2 Dispersion Relation of the Rayleigh-Plateau Instability

Acknowledgment

Chapter 5 Polymers in Inkjet Printing

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Polymer Definition

5.3 Source- and Architecture-Based Polymer Classification.

5.4 Molecular Weight and Size

5.5 Polymer Solutions

5.6 Effect of Structure and Physical Form on Inkjet Formulation Properties

5.7 Zimm Interpretation for Polymers in High Shear Environments

5.8 Printability of Polymer-Containing Inkjet Fluids

5.9 Simulation of the Inkjet Printing of High-Molecular-Weight Polymers

5.10 Molecular Weight Stability of Polymers during DOD Inkjet Printing

5.11 Molecular Weight Stability of Polymers during CIJ Printing

5.12 Molecular Weight Stability of Associating Polymers During DOD Inkjet Printing

5.13 Case Studies of Polymers in Inkjet Formulation

5.13.1 Role of Polymer Architecture

5.13.2 Inkjet Printing of PEDOT:PSS

5.13.3 Inkjet Printing of Polymer-Graphene and CNT Composites

Chapter 6 Colloid Particles in Ink Formulations

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 Colloids

6.1.2 Inkjet (Complex) Fluids

6.2 Dyes versus Pigment Inks

6.3 Stability of Colloids

6.3.1 DLVO Theory

6.3.2 van der Waals Attractive Force

6.3.3 Electrostatic Repulsive Force

6.3.4 Stabilization of Colloidal Systems

6.4 Particle-Polymer Interactions

6.4.1 Steric Stabilization

6.4.2 Bridging Flocculation

6.4.3 Depletion Flocculation

6.5 Effect of Other Ink Components on Colloidal Interactions

6.5.1 Surfactants

6.5.2 Viscosity Modifiers

6.5.3 Humectants

6.5.4 Glycol Ethers

6.5.5 Storage -Buffers and Biocides

6.5.6 Other Additives

6.6 Characterization of Colloidal Dispersions

6.6.1 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)

6.6.2 Electrophoretic Mobility (Zeta Potential)

6.6.3 Rheology

6.6.4 Bulk Colloidal Dispersion

6.6.5 Jetting

6.7 Sedimentation/Settling

6.7.1 Sedimentation Characterization Techniques

6.8 Conclusions/Outlook

Chapter 7 Jetting Simulations

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Key Considerations for Modelling.

7.3 One-Dimensional Modelling

7.3.1 The Long-Wavelength Approximation

7.3.2 A Simple CIJ Model

7.3.3 Error Analysis for Simple Jetting

7.3.4 Validation of the Model by Rayleigh's Theory

7.3.5 Exploring the Parameter Space

7.3.6 A Numerical Experiment

7.4 Axisymmetric Modelling

7.4.1 Continuous Inkjet

7.4.2 Drop-on-Demand

7.5 Three-Dimensional Simulation

Chapter 8 Drops on Substrates

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Experimental Observation of Newtonian Drop Impact on Wettable Surface

8.2.1 Effect of Initial Speed on Drop Impact and Spreading

8.2.2 Effect of Surface Wettability on Drop Impact and Spreading

8.2.3 Effect of Fluid Properties on Drop Impact and Spreading

8.3 Dimensional Analysis: The Buckingham Pi Theorem

8.4 Drop Impact Dynamics: The Maximum Spreading Diameter

8.4.1 Viscous Dissipation Dominates Surface Tension

8.4.2 The Flattened-Pancake Model

8.4.3 The Kinetic Energy Transfers Completely into Surface Energy

8.4.3.1 Evaporation: A Scaling Exponent of the Radius

Chapter 9 Coalescence and Line Formation

9.1 Implication of Drop Coalescence on Printed Image Formation

9.2 Implication of Drop Coalescence on Functional and 3D Printing

9.3 Coalescence of Inkjet-Printed Drops

9.3.1 Coalescence of a Pair of Liquid Drops on Surface

9.3.2 Coalescence with Drop Impact

9.3.3 Coalescence of a Pair of Inkjet-Printed Drops

9.3.3.1 Experimental Setup

9.3.3.2 Necking Stage Dynamics

9.3.3.3 Discussion

9.3.3.4 Summary

9.4 2D Features and Line Printing

9.4.1 Model of Drop-Bead Coalescence

9.4.2 Experiment and Observations

9.4.2.1 Effect of Drop Spacing

9.4.2.2 Effect of Drop Deposition Interval

9.4.3 Stability Regimes and Discussion

9.4.4 Summary

9.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks

9.6 Working Questions

References.

Chapter 10 Droplets Drying on Surfaces

10.1 Overview

10.2 Evaporation of Single Solvents

10.3 Evaporation of Mixed Solvents

10.3.1 Marangoni Flows

10.3.1.1 Thermal Marangoni Flows

10.3.1.2 Solutal Marangoni Flows

10.4 Particle Transport in Drying Droplets

10.4.1 The "Coffee Ring Effect

10.4.1.1 Disadvantages to the Ring-Shaped Pattern

10.4.1.2 Exploiting the Coffee Ring Effect

10.4.1.3 Avoiding the Coffee Ring Effect

10.4.2 Particle Migration

10.5 Drying of Complex Fluids

10.5.1 Contact Line Motion

10.5.2 Particle Character

10.5.3 Segregation of Solids

10.5.4 Local Environment

10.5.5 Substrate Patterning

10.5.6 Destabilization of Colloids during Drying

10.6 Problems

Chapter 11 Simulation of Drops on Surfaces

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Continuum-Based Modeling of Drop Dynamics

11.2.1 Finite Element Analysis

11.2.2 Finite Element Boundary Conditions for Free Surfaces

11.2.3 The Moving Contact-Line Problem

11.2.3.1 The Contact Angle as a Boundary Condition

11.2.3.2 An Interface Formation Model

11.2.4 The Volume of Fluid Method

11.3 Challenging Contact Angle Phenomena

11.3.1 Apparent Contact Angles

11.3.2 Contact Angle Hysteresis

11.3.3 Dynamic Contact Angles

11.3.4 Dynamic Contact Angles in Numerical Simulations

11.3.5 Resting Time Effect

11.4 Diffuse-Interface Models

11.5 Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Drop Dynamics

11.5.1 Background and Advantages of the Method

11.5.2 Multiphase Flow and Wetting

11.5.3 Capturing Contact Angle Hysteresis

11.5.4 Rough Surfaces

11.5.5 Chemically Inhomogeneous Surfaces

11.6 Conclusion and Outlook

Chapter 12 Visualization and Measurement

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Basic Imaging of Droplets and Jets

12.3 Strobe Illumination.

12.4 Holographic Methods.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed February 17, 2016).

ISBN:

9783527684724

3527684727

9783527684731

3527684735

OCLC:

935251761