How to design wastewater systems for local conditions in developing countries / David M. Robbins and Grant C. Ligon.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Robbins, David M., author.

Ligon, Grant C., author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Sewage disposal--Developing countries.

Sewage disposal.

Sewage--Purification--Developing countries.

Sewage.

Sewage disposal plants--Design and construction--Developing countries.

Sewage disposal plants.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (148 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

London, [England] : IWA Publishing, 2014.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This is a practical handbook providing a step-by-step approach to the techniques used for characterizing wastewater sources and investigating sites where collection, treatment and reuse/disposal technologies will be installed.It is intended to help enable local implementation of on-site and decentralized wastewater management system (DWMS)for wide scale use in development settings. How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries helps local service providers and regulatory officials make informed decisions through the use of tools, checklists and case studies.It includes a link to a web based community of on-site and decentralized wastewater professionals, which contains related tools and case studies.This handbook serves as a reference for training classes, certification programs, and higher education programs in civil and sanitary engineering. There is an increasing interest on the part of local government officials and private sector service providers to implement wastewater treatment systems to solve sanitation problems. The model presented in this handbook promotes activities that first generate data related to source and site conditions that represent critical inputs, and then applies this information to the technology selection process.Matching the most appropriate technologies to the specific needs of the wastewater project is the key that leads to long term sustainability. How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries is an invaluable resource for public sector decision makers and private sector service providers in developing countries. It is also a useful text for students at engineering colleges in developing countries interested in taking a class that teaches the methods of decentralized wastewater management system (DWMS) development.

Contents:

Cover

Copyright

Contents

Dedication

Acknowledgements

Foreword

Quick guide - New project checklist

Chapter 1: Introduction to decentralized wastewater management systems

1.1 Background

1.1.1 Combining Technologies to Form Systems

1.1.2 Evolution of the Concept

1.2 The Purpose of this Manual

1.3 The Audience for this Manual

1.4 The DWMS Development Model

1.5 How to use Print and Web Versions of this Manual

1.6 Definitions and Terms

1.7 Guiding Case Study

References

Chapter 2: Characterizing the source

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Wastewater Composition

2.2.1 Blackwater and Graywater

2.3 Wastewater Source Categories

2.3.1 Residential Housing

2.3.2 Public Markets

2.3.3 Hospitals and Health Care Facilities

2.3.4 Slaughterhouses

2.3.5 Hotels, Resorts, and Restaurants

2.3.6 Office, Daily use, and Less Regular-use Buildings

2.3.7 Schools

2.3.8 Other Commercial Facilities

2.3.9 Community Wastewater Systems

2.4 Determining the Design Flow

2.4.1 Measuring Flow

2.4.2 Gathering and Applying Data from Similar Projects

2.4.3 Using Standard Wastewater Generation Value Tables

2.5 Assessing Wastewater Strength and Organic Concentration

2.6 Quantifying Flow Variability

2.6.1 Flow equalization

2.7 Nutrients in Wastewater

2.7.1 Nitrogen

2.7.2 Phosphorus

2.8 Other Wastewater Pollutants

2.8.1 Fats, Oils, and Grease

2.8.2 Lint

2.8.3 Trash

2.9 Physical and Chemical Considerations

2.9.1 Temperature

2.9.2 The pH Level

2.9.3 Problematic Chemical Constituents in Wastewater

2.10 Microbiological Considerations

2.11 Sampling and Analysis

2.11.1 Preparing a Sampling Plan

2.11.2 Collecting Representative Samples

2.11.3 Proper Handling and Preservation of Field Samples.

2.11.4 Chain of Custody and Sample Identification Procedures

2.11.5 Quality Assurance/Quality Control

2.12 Reviewing Findings

Chapter 3: Evaluating the site

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Creating and Using a Site Plan Sketch

3.2.1 Step-by-step Procedure

3.2.2 Estimating the Amount of Land Available

3.2.3 Identifying site Features

3.3 Soils Evaluation

3.3.1 Tasks Involved in Soils Evaluation

3.3.2 Excavating Test Holes and Soil Borings

3.3.3 Identifying and Evaluating Soils Horizons

3.3.4 Identifying the Water Table and Other Limiting Conditions

3.3.5 Evaluating Slope and Topography

3.3.6 Determining Long Term Acceptance Rate and Identifying Other Soil-based Concerns

3.4 Determining if Surface Waters are Limiting Conditions

3.5 Determining How Land use of Surrounding Parcels Affects DWMS Selection

3.6 Identifying Utilities, Pre-Existing DWMS, and Related Conflicts

3.6.1 Electrical utilities

3.6.2 Water availability for system operation and maintenance

3.6.3 Existing DWMS components

3.7 Evaluating Accessibility Issues for DWMS

3.8 Benefitting from Wastewater Residuals

3.9 Assessing Regulatory Aspects of Site Evaluation

3.10 Reviewing Findings

Chapter 4: DWMS technologies

4.1 DWMS Component Categories

4.2 Typical DWMS Component Categories

4.3 User Interface and Pretreatment

4.3.1 User Interface

4.3.2 Pretreatment

4.4 Conveyance

4.4.1 Building and Gravity Sewers

4.4.2 Simplified Sewers

4.4.3 Solids-free Sewers

4.4.4 Pressure Sewers

4.5 Primary Treatment

4.5.1 Septic Tanks

4.5.2 Anaerobic Baffled Reactors

4.5.3 Anaerobic Digesters

4.5.4 Other Primary Treatment Options

4.6 Secondary Treatment

4.6.1 Soils-based Dispersal Systems

4.6.2 Constructed Wetlands

4.6.3 Waste Stabilization Ponds.

4.6.4 Media Filters

4.6.5 Aerobic Systems

4.7 Tertiary Treatment

4.7.1 Tertiary Filtration

4.7.2 Disinfection

4.8 End of the Cycle - Safe Discharge or Reuse

4.9 Determining the Level of Required Treatment

4.9.1 Meeting Discharge and Reuse Standards

Chapter 5: Selecting wastewater technologies

5.1 Interpreting the Data Collected from the Source and Site

5.1.1 Flow to Land Availability Ratio Concept

5.2 Technology Selection Strategies

5.2.1 Additional Considerations for Technology Selection

5.3 Conclusion and Looking Forward

Reference

Appendices: Practical application of soils evaluation data

Appendix I: More on soils evaluation

Appendix II: Example soils evaluation data interpretation and LTAR calculation.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed June 25, 2014).

ISBN:

9781523102587

1523102586

9781780404776

1780404778

OCLC:

922995749