Brick and mortar research / Santiago Manuel Rivera and Antonio L. Pena Diaz, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Rivera, Santiago Manuel.

Pena Diaz, Antonio L.

Series:

Materials science and technologies series.

Engineering tools, techniques and tables.

Materials science and technologies

Engineering tools, techniques and tables

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Bricks--Testing.

Bricks.

Cement--Testing.

Cement.

Masonry--Testing.

Masonry.

Brickworks.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (353 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hauppauge, N.Y. : Nova Science Publishers, c2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This book is a study of brick and mortar research technologies. Topics include the corrosion and environmental aspects of cements and reinforced concrete; in-plane behavior of CRFP retrofitted masonry; high temperature effects on masonry materials; raman spectroscopic characterization of brick and mortars; preparation of colored facing brick from low melting clay under a water vapor atmosphere; negative effects of the use of white portland cement as an additive to aerial lime mortars; the anti-corrosive behavior of four different types of organic coatings; the modeling of brick-mortar interface; and ultrasonic characterization of mortar using micromechanical and multiple scattering models.

Contents:

Intro

BRICK AND MORTAR RESEARCH

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1: CORROSION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OFCEMENTS AND REINFORCED CONCRETE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

CONTAINMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES IN CEMENT

System Factors

Time

Temperature

Ratio of Volume of Leachant to Volume of Solid (V/Vs)

Leachant Factors

Leachant Composition

pH

Flow

Solid Factors

Composition of the Solid. Porosity

Surface Condition

NOVEL CEMENTITIOUS BINDERS

Alkaline Cements as an Alternative to Portland Cement

Classification of Alkali-Activated Cements

Reaction Mechanisms

First Stage "Destruction-Coagulation"

Second Stage "Coagulation-Condensation"

Third Stage "Condensation-Crystallization"

Alkali-Activation of Fly Ash

Particle Size and Chemical Composition of Fly Ash

Type and Concentration of the Activator

Influence of Alkali Cations

Influence of Alkali Anions

Curing Conditions

Rheology

Durability of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash Binders

Engineering Properties and Applications

CORROSION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Mechanisms for Corrosion in Concrete

Carbonation Reaction

Pitting Corrosion

Role of Chloride Ion

Depassivation

Propagation

Non-Destructive Monitoring Techniques

Fundaments of the Method

Estimation of Rp from the Slope of ln(ht) vs. t Plot

Direct Measurement of the Time Constant

New Palliative Methods to Prevent Reinforced Concrete Corrosion

Reduction of Permeability of the Concrete

Protective Coatings on the Concrete

Protective Coating on the Steel

Use of Stainless Steel Reinforcements

Suppression of the Electrochemical Process

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES.

Chapter 2: INNOVATIVE USES OF UNFIRED BRICKS AND CLAY PRODUCTS AS SUSTAINABLE BUILDING SOLUTIONS

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

EARTH CONSTRUCTION: A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

SOIL STABILIZATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS

CHEMICAL STABILIZATION TYPES

OTHER METHODS OF SOIL STABILIZATION

FIBRES AND SOIL REINFORCEMENT

FIBRE PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS

Natural Fibres

1. Vegetal Fibres

2. Animal Fibres

Synthetic Fibres

1. Plastic Fibers

2. Metal and Glass Fibres

UNFIRED BRICKS RESEARCH: GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION

APPENDIX 1: LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Mortars, Blocks and Soil Reinforced with Fibres

2. Mortars, Blocks and Soil Walls

REFERENCES

Chapter 3: IN-PLANE BEHAVIOR OF CFRP RETROFITTED MASONRY: EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT

1. ABSTRACT

2. INTRODUCTION

3. IN PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF UNEINFORCED CLAY MASONRY UNITS

3.1. Axial Compression Normal to the Bed Joints

3.2. Shear Behavior

4. IN PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF FRP REINFORCED CLAY MASONRY UNITS

4.1. Axial Compression Normal to the Bed Joints

4.2. Shear Behavior

5. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

5.1. General

5.2. Tests on Clay Bricks and Mortar

5.3. Carbon Fibre Fabric

5.4. Uniaxial Compression Tests

5.4.1. Masonry Panels Description and Experimental Set up

5.4.2. Discussion of Test Results

5.4.2.1. Control Unretrofitted Panels

5.4.2.2. CFRP Composite Retrofitted and Repaired Panels

5.5. Diagonal Compression Tests

5.5.1. Masonry Panels Description and Experimental Set up

5.5.2. Discussion of Test Results

5.5.2.1. Control Unretrofitted Panels

5.5.2.2. CFRP Composite Retrofitted and Repaired Panels

5.5.2.3. Comparison between Experimental and Analytically Predicted Shear Strength for FRP-Strengthened Panels

6. NUMERICAL STUDY.

6.1. Detailed Modelling of the Unreinforced and Retrofitted Masonry

6.1.1. Plastic Process

6.1.2. Damage Process

6.1.3. Consistency Conditions

6.2. Simplified Modelling

6.3. Composite Materials Modeling

6.4. Influence of the Composit

6.5.1. Behaviour under Uniaxial Compression Normal to the Bed Joints

6.5.2. Diagonal Compression

6.6. Behaviour of a CFRP Reinforced Masonry Wall

Chapter 4: HIGH TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON MASONRY MATERIALS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. EFFECTS OF FIRE ON MASONRY STRUCTURES

2.1. Structural Behavior of Masonry Exposed to Fire Conditions

2.2. Temperature-Dependent Material Properties

2.2.1. Temperature-Dependent Material Properties under Fire Exposure

2.2.2. Temperature-Dependent Material Properties after Fire Exposure (Residual)

3. RESEARCH ON RESIDUAL TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT PROPERTIES OF MASONRY

3.1. Testing Program

3.2. Experimental Results

3.2.1. Brick and Mortar Specimens

3.2.2. Masonry Specimens

Chapter 5: DATING BRICKS AND MORTARS OF ANCIENT AND HISTORICAL BUILDINGS

1.1. Building Materials

1.2. Mortars

1.3. Bricks

2. DATING ANCIENT BUILDINGS: METHODS AND PROBLEMS

2.1. Historical Data and Archaeological Methods

2.2. Absolute Dating Methods

3. BRICK DATING

3.1. Luminescence Dating

3.1.1. Luminescence Age Equation

3.1.2. Dose Rate Estimation

3.1.3. Limitations of Dating Bricks by Luminescence

3.2. Other Methods: Archaeomagnetism

4. MORTAR DATING

4.1. Geochemical Procedures for Dating

4.2. RADIOCARBON DATING

4.3. Luminescence Dating

5. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

Chapter 6: RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BRICK AND MORTARS: THE ADVANTAGES OF THE NON DESTRUCTIVE AND IN SITU ANALYSIS.

ABSTRACT

2. PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLERAMAN SPECTROMETERS

3. DETERIORATION DUE TO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION

4. DETERIORATION DUE TO INFILTRATION WATERS

5. BIODETERIORATION MARKERS

Chapter 7: PREPARATION OF COLOURED FACING BRICK FROM LOW MELTING CLAY UNDER A WATER VAPOUR ATMOSPHERE

EXPERIMENTAL

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Influence of Water Vapour Atmosphereon the Structure Formation of Ceramics

Colour Characteristics of Samples Fired in Water Vapour and Ambient Atmosphere

Technological Scheme for Production of Coloured Bricks from Low Melting Clay

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Chapter 8: NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE USE OF WHITE PORTLAND CEMENT AS ADDITIVE TO AERIAL LIME MORTARS SET AT ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS: A CHEMICAL, MINERALOGICAL AND PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL INVESTIGATION

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1. Mortars Elaboration

2.2. Characterization of the Mortars Components

2.3. Mortars Characterization

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Characterization of Mortars Components

3.2. Evaluation of the Hardening Processes in Lime andCement-Lime Mortars

3.2.1. Carbonation Degree

3.2.2. Identification of the Hydrated Phases in Cement-Lime Mortar

3.2.3. Pore System

3.3. Physic-Mechanical Properties of Mortars

3.3.1. Capillary Uptake

3.3.2. Mechanical Strength

3.3.3. Shrinkage

Chapter 9: INDUSTRIAL COATINGS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE APPLICATION: PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTI-CORROSIVE BEHAVIOR

2. EXPERIMENTAL

2.1. Materials

2.2. Methods

Half-Cell Potential Measurements

Linear Polarization Technique (LPR)

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).

Transmission Rates

Linear Polarization Technique

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Transmission Rates

Chapter10: ON THE MODELING OF BRICK-MORTAR INTERFACE

1.Introduction

2.Experimental Study of The Masonry

2.1.Introduction

2.2.CharacterizationofMaterials

2.2.1.Mortar

2.2.2.Bricks

2.3.Mechanical Behavior of Small Masonry Structures Under Shear Loading Without Confinement

2.3.1.Experimental Procedure

2.3.2.Full Bricks

2.3.3.Hollow Bricks

2.3.4.Discussions

2.4.Mechanical Behavior of Small Masonry Structures Under Shear Loading With Confinement

2.5.Mechanical Behavior of Small Wall in Diagonal Compression

3. Phenomenological Model of Interface

3.1.Introduction

3.2.Presentation of RCCM Model

UnilateralContactWithAdhesion

FrictionWithAdhesion

EvolutionofTheIntensityofAdhesion

3.3.Implementation of RCCM Model

3.4.Numerical Results: Mechanical Behavior of Small Masonry Structures Under Shear Loading

3.4.1.Full Brick Triplets

Fracturealongtheinterface

Cracksdevelopingintothemortar

3.4.2.Hollow Brick structures

3.5.Partial Conclusion

4. A Multi-Scale Model for Interface Law

4.1.Introduction

4.2.Principle of the Model

4.3.A Numerical Example

4.4.Partial conclusion

5.Conclusion

References

Chapter11: ULTRASONIC CHARACTERIZATION OF MORTARUSING MICROMECHANICAL AND MULTIPLE SCATTERING MODELS

Abstract

2.Micromechanical Modeling

2.1.InfluenceofMicrostructuralParametersofPlainMortarontheUltrasonicVelocityUsingtheMultiphaseMicromechanicalModel

2.1.1.InfluenceoftheGeometryoftheInclusions

2.1.2.InfluenceoftheElasticPropertiesoftheNon-PorousMatrix

2.1.3.InfluenceoftheVolumeFractionofSandandPores.

2.1.4.EstimationofPorosityinMortarsUsingUltrasonicMeasurementsandtheMultiphaseMicromechanicalModel.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-61942-951-9

OCLC:

847621319