Wood : types, properties, and uses / Lorenzo F. Botannini, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Botannini, Lorenzo F.

Series:

Environmental science, engineering and technology series.

Environmental science, engineering and technology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Wood.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (258 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., c2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Wood is the most accessible and renewable material used by humankind during its history. Today, the consumption of wood exceeds all other known materials. The industry of various products made of wood grows continuously. This book reviews research on hydrothermal treatment and modification of wood in the drying and impregnation process; the decomposition of coarse woody debris as an important component of the carbon cycle and biodiversity of forest ecosystems; and the potential of agroforestry as a carbon sequestration strategy. Also discussed is the importance of fossil woods, types of preservation, and their significance in reconstructing the palaeo-climatology and paleo-environment of a region as well as the limitation in identifying the fossil woods.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Preface

Hydrothermal Treatment and Modification of Wood: Drying, Impregnation

Abstract

Introduction

1. Drying and Heat Treatment of Wood: The Traditional and Non-Traditional Methods

1.1. Drying Methods

1.2. Experimental Study of High-Temperature Thermal-Mechanical Drying by Depressurization Method

1.3. High-Temperature Vacuum-Convective Drying of Wood

2. Modification of Wood by Impregnation

2.1. Impregnation Methods

Selection of Impregnating Liquid

2.2. Modelling and Experiment on the Liquid Solution Impregnation

of Wood

2.2.1. Experimental Setup and Study of Wood Impregnation

2.2.2. Water Polymer Emulsion Impregnation

2.2.3. Variable Pressure Impregnation of Wood

2.2.4. Impregnation with Oils and Other Liquids whose Viscosity Depends on Temperature

Conclusion

Notation

References

The Deep Decomposition of Wood: Light Products of Electron-Beam Fragmentation

Annotation

Experimental

Distillation of Various Wood

Low-Temperature Destruction of Cellulose at Moderate Dose Rates

Electron-Beam Distillation of Cellulose

The Mechanism of Cellulose Destruction Via Electron-Beam Distillation

Electron-Beam Distillation of Lignin and Binary Mixtures

Acknowledgment

Biomass for Domestic and Agro Industrial Applications

1. Introduction

2. Biomass

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Biomass Classification

2.2. Biomass of properties

2.3. Energy Potential

3. Biomass Conversion

3.1. Direct Combustion of Biomass

3.2. Thermo Chemical Conversion

3.2.1. Gasification

3.2.2. Gasification Process

3.2.3. Pyrolysis

3.3. Bio Chemical Conversion

3.3.1. Fermentation

3.3.2. Digestion

4. Biomass-Based Technologyat Domestic Level

4.1. Wood Gas Stove.

4.1.1. Design of Wood Gas Stove:

4.1.2. Fuels for Testing

4.1.3. Stove performance

4.1.4. Safety during Operation

4.2. Improved Cookstove

4.2.1 Single Pot ImprovedCookstove (Chetak)

4.2.2. Double Pot Cookstove(Udairaj)

4.2.3 Performance of improved cookstove

5. Biomass-Based Technology At Industrial Level

5.1. Updraft Gasifier

5.1.1. System Description

5.1.2. Performance of Updraft Gasifier

5.2. Downdraft Gasifier

5.2.1 Experimental Study

5.2.2. System Performance

5.2.3. Economics of Gasifier

6. Conclusion

Aboveground Wood Biomass and Nutrients in Brazilian Woody Species and Eucalyptus Plantations

Determination of Biomass and Nutrient Quantification

Evaluation of Root Colonization by Fungi

Aboveground Biomass and Nutrients in Eucalyptus

Colonization of Eucalyptus Roots by Fungi

Aboveground Biomass and Nutrients in Native

Woody Species

Colonization of Native Tree Roots by Fungi

Benefits and Problems Encountered in the Study

Acknowledgments

Fungal Decomposition of Beech Coarse Woody Debris in a Temperate Forest Ecosystem

2. Study Site and CWD Materials

3. Dynamics of Wood Chemical Properties during Beech CWD Decomposition

4. Fungal Succession during Beech Cwd Decomposition

4.1. Succession of Macrofungi

4.2. Succession of Microfungi

5. Relationships between Wood Decomposition

and Fungal Succession

6. Implications for Soil Humus Accumulation

Effective Rainfall Seasons for Early

and Late Wood Formation of Chinese Pine

and Black Locust in the Loess Plateau, China

Stable-Carbon-Isotope Ratio of C3Plants

Materials and Methods

Study Site

Plant Materials.

Measurement of Tree-Ring Width

Determination of (13C

Statistical Analysis

Results

Discussion

Fossil Wood: A Key to the Past

Fossilization of Woods

Radio Carbon Dating

Some Case Studies

Petrified Forests

Wood Anatomy

Limitations of the Study Based

on Fossilised Woods

Plastic Moldable Pine Fiber by Benzylation

Spectroscopy

Thermal Analysis and Mechanical Properties

Microscopy

Results and Discussion

Weight Gain Analysis

FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis

NMR Spectroscopic Analysis

Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)

Mechanical Properties

Morphology

High Strength Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) Resin Impregnated Wood: Fundamental Analysis and Future Applications

Compressive Deformation of PF Resin Impregnated Wood

Pre Treatment Effect on the Compressive Deformation of Resin Impregnated Wood

Removal of Matrix Substances Pre-Treatment Through Naclo2 Treatment and Combination of Naclo2and Naoh Treatment

Steam Pretreatment

Future Potential Applications

Crystallization and Melting Behaviour

of Polypropylene / Wood Flour Composites

Dynamic Crystallization

Cristallinity and Polymorphism

Isothermal Crystallization

Transcristallinity

Temperature Coefficient

Conclusions

Index

Blank Page

Blank Page.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-61728-046-1

OCLC:

923662344