Potable water and sanitation / Joel M. McMann, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

McMann, Joel M.

Series:

Environmental science, engineering and technology series.

Environmental science, engineering and technology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Sanitation.

Drinking water--Purification.

Drinking water.

Water-supply--Developing countries.

Water-supply.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (280 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Groundwater is the mainstay of the rural water economy of Ghana. The resource has been tapped at various levels in the hydrogeological basins to supply potable water resources to communities. This book discusses the water resources development and sustainable management in the Republic of Sudan.

Contents:

Intro

POTABLE WATER AND SANITATION

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 SANITATION OF FRESH-CUT FRUIT AND VEGETABLES: NEW TRENDS, METHODS AND IMPACTS

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS APPLIED AS SOLUTIONS

2.1. Peroxyacetic Acid

2.2. Chlorine Dioxide

2.3. Hydrogen Peroxide

2.4. Citric Acid - Ascorbic Acid - Calcium

2.5. Electrolyzed Water

2.5. Steamer Jet Injection

2.6. Biological Compounds, Natural Microbiota and/or their Antimicrobial Products

3. UV-C RADIATION AND INTENSE LIGHT PULSES

4. OZONE

5. SUPERATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN

6. INNOVATIVE GAS TREATMENTS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 HEALTH IMPACT OF SANITATION IN INDIA

I. INTRODUCTION

II. EVOLUTION OF WATER AND SANITATION SECTOR PROGRAMMES

III. DIRECT IMPACT OF WSS ON INCIDENCE OF SELECTED DISEASES IN MAJOR INDIAN STATES

Data Base

IV. IMPACT OF HEALTH SYSTEMS, REGIONAL DISPARITIES AND SANITATION FACTORS

STATE AND DISTRICT LEVEL ANALYSIS

Results and Discussion for Maharashtra

Karnataka: Results and Discussion

Madhya Pradesh: Results and Discussion

CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPERATIVES

ANNEXURE 1: WATER RELATED INFECTIONS

ANNEXURE 2. STOCHASTIC FRONTIER MODEL FOR ESTIMATING THE HEALTH SYSTEM EFFICIENCY

Model Specification

Chapter 3 HYDROGEOLOGY AND GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF GHANA: A REVIEW OF THE HYDROGEOLOGY AND HYDROCHEMISTRY OF GHANA

2. GENERAL GEOLOGY OF GHANA

3. CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE HYDROGEOLOGY OF GHANA: A NEW HYDROGEOLOGICAL ZONATION OF GHANA

3.1. Hydrogeology

3.2. Mode of Occurrence of Groundwater

4. HYDROCHEMISTRY OF GROUNDWATER IN GHANA

4.1. Sampling and Analyses of Groundwater

4.2. General Hydrochemistry

4.3. Suitability of Groundwater for Irrigation.

4.4. Origin of Groundwater in Ghana

5. GROUND WATER USE IN GHANA

6. CRITICAL ISSUES CONSTRAINING GROUNDWATER DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN GHANA

7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Chapter 4 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE QUALITY OF GROUNDWATER FROM THE MAJOR AQUIFERS IN GHANA

2. GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY OF GHANA

2.1. Geography

2.2. Geology

2.3. Hydrogeology

3. METHODOLOGY

3.1. Data Collection and Treatment

3.2. Data Processing and Analyses

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1. Sources of Variation in the Hydrochemistry and Spatial Groundwater Types

4.2. The Recharge Regime of Groundwater in Ghana

4.2. Assessment of the Quality of Groundwater for Irrigation

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCE

Chapter 5 THE CHALLENGE OF SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GHANA - PRACTICES, PROBLEMS AND POSSIBILITIES

INTRODUCTION

SANITATION, ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT - AN EXPLORATION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS

SOURCES OF DATA

BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON GHANA

THE SANITATION SITUATION IN GHANA

Solid Waste Disposal

Human Excreta Disposal

CHARACTERISTICS OF SANITATION CONDITIONS IN GHANA

Spatial Variations

Trends in Acquisition of Toilet Systems

The Factor of Well­Being

Reliance on Shared Toilet Facilities

Gender Influences

Joint Implementation of Sanitation and Water Supply Schemes

CONSTRAINTS TO SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT

Space Constraints

Low Interest in Waste Management

Poor Management

Inadequate Water Supply

Lack of Waste Disposal Facilities

Inadequate Institutional Arrangements

Urbanization

Industrial Activities

THE WAY FORWARD

Composting

Public Education on Sanitation

Sanitation Tribunals

Contributions to sanitation costs

Other Strategies

REFERENCES.

Chapter 6 SANITATION DEVELOPMENT AND ROLES OF JAPAN

2. RESOURCES AND PROFITS OF SANITATION DEVELOPMENT

3. JAPANESE MODEL OF SANITATION DEVELOPMENT

3.1. Centralized and On­site Municipal Wastewater Treatment in Japan

3.2. Institutional and Regulation Structures of Municipal Wastewater Treatment in Japan

3.3. Japanese Sanitation Sector Development with a New Initiative for Asian and Pacific Regions

4. AREAL DEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES OF CENTRALIZED AND ON-SITE SANITATION: ZONING OR INTERMIXED

5. TECHNOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVES IN CONSIDERATION WITH POLLUTANT DISCHARGE AND INVESTMENT

CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 7 WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE SUDAN

WATER RESOURCES

COMMUNITY WATER QUALITY AND SANITATION MANAGEMENT

WATER-RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

GROUNDWATER

THE POLICY REGIME IN WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GOALS AND CHALLENGES

THE CHALLENGE OF OVERCOMING THE COUNTRY'S DIVERSITY

WATER SCARCITY IMPACTS AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS

COMMON LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

PRIMARY FACTORS PROMOTING DATA AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE

SUFFICIENT LEVELS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

RECOMMENDATIONS

APPENDIX 1. THE DESCRIPTIVE FORMULAES

APPENDIX 2. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFLUENCE FACTORS AND MANAGERIAL PRACTICES FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION [14]

APPENDIX 3. ACCESS TO IMPROVED DRINKING WATER SOURCES IN RURAL SUDAN

APPENDIX 4. ACCESS TO IMPROVED DRINKING WATER SOURCES URBAN SUDAN

APPENDIX 5. COSTS, AND ENVIRONMENT

Appendix 5.1. Alternative and Complementary Measures

Appendix 5.2. Growth in Annual GHG Emissions Amount (106 Mt of CO2) by which have Increased since 2007 [15]

Appendix 5.3. Monitoring Techniques for Stream Restoration Projects [16].

Appendix 5.4. Land Use Division for Future Development Plan

Appendix 5.5. Bulk Burden Western Sudan

Chapter 8 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE WATER AND WASTEWATER INDUSTRY

2. Forces for change in the water and wastewater sector

3. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

4. THE INDUSTRY'S PRODUCTIVITY PERFORMANCE

CONCLUDING COMMENTS

Chapter 9 PLANT DERIVATIVES AS NATURAL SANITIZERS FOR THE CONTROL OF FUNGAL INVASION

2. PLANT EXTRACT EAROSOLIZATION

2.1. Factors Affecting Sanitation Using Plant Extracts Aerosol

2.1.1 Aerosol Carrier

2.1.2. Minimal Saturation Level (MSL)

2.1.3. Aerosol Droplet Size

2.2. Method Applicability

3. SMOLDERING PLANT FUMES

3.1. Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Plant Smoldering Process

3.1.1. Smoldered Plants Type

3.1.2. Minimal Inhibitory Relative Amount (MIRA)

3.1.3. Target Crops

3.2. Method Applicability

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

INDEX.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-61122-677-5

OCLC:

738479000