Perspectives on localization. Volume XIII / edited by Keiran J. Dunne.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Dunne, Keiran J.

Series:

American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Linguistics.

Language and languages.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (363 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : John Benjamins, c2006.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Over the past two decades, international trade agreements such as GATT and NAFTA have lowered international trade barriers. At the same time, the information revolution has fueled profound shifts in the ways companies conduct business and communicate with their customers, and worldwide acceptance of the ISO 9000 standard has established the notion that quality must be defined in terms of customer satisfaction. Falling trade barriers and rising quality standards have made linguistic and cultural issues increasingly important. To successfully compete in today's global on-demand economy, companies must localize their products and services to fit the needs of the local market in terms of language, culture, functionality, work practices, as well as legal and regulatory requirements. In recognition of the growing importance of localization, this volume explores a certain number of key issues, including: Return on investment and the localization business case Localization cost drivers and cost-containment strategies Localization quality and customer-focused quality management Challenges posed by localization of games, including Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) Using a meta-language to facilitate accurate translation of disembodied content The case for managing source-language terminology Terminology management in the localization process Reconciling industry needs and academic objectives in localization education Localization standards and the commoditization of linguistic information The creation and application of language industry standards Rethinking customer-focused localization through user-centered design Moving from translation reuse to language reuse.

Contents:

PERSPECTIVES ON LOCALIZATION

Editorial page

Title page

LCC data

Table of contents

A Copernican revolution

Notes

References

1. The localization business case

Quantifying the return on localization investment

Introduction

Localization enables international revenue

Localization managers seek to raise visibility in the corporate food chain

Localization spending has see-sawed through a tough market

But few companies measure the bottom line for localization

All said and done, localization stacks up as a great bargain

Who's in charge? C-level executives are nowhere to be found

Three obstacles cloud the ROI picture

Interviewees have mixed emotions about localization suppliers

Low automation quotients characterize most respondents' efforts

Conclusions from our interviews

Localization must transfer from liberal arts to business school

Step 1: Adopt the metrics used by the rest of the business

Step 2: Crunch the numbers scientifically and comprehensively

The bottom line: How much return should there be on localization?

Richer economic models are needed to better measure and justify localization

Step 3: Estimate the price tag of not localizing

Unlocalized products levy a usage tax on international customers

Establishing ROI means more work for localization executives

GMS technology making the localization business case

Background

Value proposition

Best practices and formal measurement

EEEL case study: Xerox

EEEL case study: Fluke Networks

EEEL case study: Bankinter

Conclusion

Localization Cost

I. Tools

II. Process management

III. Globalization

2. Localization quality

Quality in the real world

1. Introduction

2. Obstacles to quality.

2.1 Time and budget

2.2 Lack of clear standards

2.3 Lack of communication

2.4 Garbage in, garbage out

2.5 Technological barriers

3. The translator's quality perspective

3.1 Time

3.2 Clarity

3.3 Experience

4. The agency's quality perspective

4.1 Translator competencee

4.2 Continuing quality

4.3 Team continuity

4.4 Knowledge management

4.5 Quality management systems

5. The client's quality perspective

5.1 Ill-defined quality expectations

5.2 Client review

5.3 Time-to-market pressures

5.4 Translation costs vs. quality

6. Paths to quality

6.1 Quality source materials

6.2 Mastery of the basics

6.3 Consensus on quality

6.4 Quality management systems

6.5 Quality translators

6.6 Terminology management

6.7 Translation memory management

7. Conclusion

Reference

Putting the cart behind the horse

The evolution of quality management

The process-based approach to quality management

ISO 9001: Quality management for/in manufacturing

ISO 9001 for the language industry: An anachronism?

ISO 9001 in localization: Neither a panacea nor a lost cause

3. Game localization

Issues in localizing computer games

The game as a world

The game as action

The development process

Genre conventions and localization

The importance of the interface

Cultural issues

Localizing MMORPGs

One game, many languages

Managing the text

Improving grammar quality with a meta-language

4. Terminology management

A practical case for managing source-language terminology

Terminology management and unmanaged source terminology

Why software companies don't manage source-language terminology

Benefits of managing source-language terminology.

Thoughts on building a case for managing source terminology

Terminology workflow in the localization process

Introduction and background

Terminology and knowledge

The J.D. Edwards terminology workflow

The individual pieces of a terminology workflow model

5. Localization education

A discipline coming of age in the digital age

1. Defining the name, terms, and parameters of the discipline

2. Partnering the practical demands of professional industry goals with the intellectual inquiry of academic objectives

3. Developing curricular modules within the scope of professional industry goals and academic disciplinary objectives

Localization competences

6. Localization standards

Localization standards, knowledge- and information-centric business models, and the commoditization of linguistic information

Information abstraction, change management and localization tools

The business value of translation memory and standards

OSCAR standards

OASIS standards

Standards cited in this document

The creation and application of language industry standards

2. Industrial standards and the evolution of language standards

2.1 Industrial standards

2.2 Language standards

2.3 Characterizing language standards

3. Weights and measures: The coding standards

3.1 Language codes

3.2 Locale IDs

3.3 Character codes

4. Standards for quality control and quality assurance

4.1 Quality control vs. quality assurance

4.2 Typology for pragmatic translation in localization environments

4.3 Traditions in translation assessment: Process vs. product

4.4 Industry standards and the language sector

4.5 LISA GILT metrics

4.6 Prospects for applying QA practice and theory.

4.7 The Localization Institute's Business and Productivity Metrics Initiatives

5. Functional standards: Data interchange and interoperability

5.1 Translation Memory eXchange (TMX)

5.2 Segmentation Rules eXchange (SRX)

5.3 XML Localization Interchange File Format (XLIFF)

5.4 TermBase eXchange (TBX)

5.5 Open Lexicon Interchange Format (OLIF)

5.6 Lexical Markup Framework (LMF)

5.7 Standards for knowledge discovery, retrieval, and management

7. Perspectives for the future

7. Rethinking the paradigm

Melding paradigms

The problem with conventional product planning and design practice

Technocentric design

Feature creep

Producer convenience

Unanalyzed collections of user requests and complaints

What is user-centered design?

Why other approaches to obtaining user input fall short

Why is UCD important?

UCD for international markets

UCD and localization

Imperative but inadequate processes

Re-examining the design process

How UCD conceptualizes the phases of design

A better way to design

UCD tools and techniques

Ethnographic or field studies

Structured usability evaluations

Naturalistic usability evaluations

International UCD research

Corpus enhancement and computer-assisted localization and translation

Translation reuse examined

A corpus-based approach to internationalization

Natural and enhanced corpora

Engineering enhanced corpora

Adding multilingual documents to the enhanced corpus

Appendix

Suggestions for further reading

Contributors

Index

The series American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN:

9786612156151

9781282156159

1282156152

9789027293862

9027293864

OCLC:

614893354