Seeing through multilingual corpora : on the use of corpora in contrastive studies / Stig Johansson.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Johansson, Stig, 1939-

Series:

Studies in corpus linguistics ; v. 26.

Studies in corpus linguistics, 1388-0373 ; v. 26

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Contrastive linguistics.

Translating and interpreting.

Corpora (Linguistics).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (378 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : J. Benjamins, 2007.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Through electronic corpora we can observe patterns which we were unaware of before or only vaguely glimpsed. The availability of multilingual corpora has led to a renewal of contrastive studies. We gain new insight into similarities and differences between languages, at the same time as the characteristics of each language are brought into relief. The present book focuses on the work in building and using the English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus and the Oslo Multilingual Corpus. Case studies are reported on lexis, grammar, and discourse. A concluding chapter sums up problems and prospects of corpus-based contrastive studies, including applications in lexicography, translator training, and foreign-language teaching. Though the main focus is on English and Norwegian, the approach should be of interest more generally for corpus-based contrastive research and for language studies in general. Seeing through corpora we can see through language.

Contents:

Seeing through Multilingual Corpora

Editorial page

Title page

LCC data

Table of contents

Preface

Acknowledgements

List of figures

List of tables

List of abbreviations

The case for corpora in contrastive studies

1.1. Seeing through corpora

1.2. Contrastive analysis

1.3. The problem of equivalence

1.4. Translation studies

1.5. A corpus-based approach

1.6. Translation corpora vs. comparable corpora

1.7. Correspondence vs. equivalence

1.8. Structure vs. use

1.9. Uses of multilingual corpora

1.10. A note on examples and references

Building a multilingual corpus

2.1. Corpus models

2.1.1. Translation corpora

2.1.2. Comparable corpora

2.2. Building the English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus

2.2.1. The ENPC model

2.2.2. Text selection

2.2.3. Text encoding

2.2.4. Alignment

2.2.5. Tagging

2.2.6. Search tools

2.3. The Oslo Multilingual Corpus

2.4. A parallel translation corpus

2.5. A multiple translation corpus

2.6. The choice of a corpus model

Using multilingual corpora

3.1. Translation paradigms

3.2. Divergent correspondences

3.3. Zero correspondence

3.4. Mutual correspondence

3.5. Semantic reflections

3.6. Parallel translations

3.7. Translation effects

3.8. Combining comparable and translation corpora

3.9. Contrasting lexis

3.10. Contrasting syntax and discourse

3.11. Research questions

3.12. Linguistic interpretation

Contrasting nouns

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Times of the day

4.2.1. English noon

4.2.2. Norwegian formiddag and ettermiddag

4.2.3. English night

4.2.4. Norwegian døgn

4.2.5. Summing up: Times of the day in translation

4.3. What do you have in mind?

4.3.1. Correspondences of mind

4.3.2. Summing up: Mind in a cross-linguistic perspective

4.4. What is a person?.

4.4.1. English correspondences of menneske

4.4.2. Person in English vs. Norwegian

4.4.3. Menneske vs. person

4.4.4. Summing up: Person in a cross-linguistic perspective

4.5. What is a thing?

4.5.1. Congruent correspondences

4.5.2. Divergent correspondences

4.5.3. Summing up: Thing in a cross-linguistic perspective

4.6. Is that a fact?

4.6.1. The fact + that-clause

4.6.2. In fact

4.6.3. Summing up: Fact in a cross-linguistic perspective

4.7. Summing up: Contrasting nouns

Loving and hating in English and Norwegian

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Overall distribution

5.3. Overall translation patterns

5.4. Translations of E hate

5.4.1. Complement clauses

5.4.2. Other non-personal objects

5.4.3. Personal objects

5.5. Translations of E love

5.5.1. Complement clauses

5.5.2. Other non-personal objects

5.5.3. Personal objects

5.6. Summing up: Loving and hating in cross-linguistic perspective

Translations of love

Translations of hate

Spending time in English, Norwegian, and German

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Overview of results

6.3. Congruent translations

6.4. Restructuring

6.5. Distribution in original and translated texts

6.6. A note on sources of spend

6.7. Summing up: Spend a cross-linguistic perspective

The English verb seem and its correspondences in Norwegian

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Some characteristics of seem

7.3. Material: Overall distribution

7.4. Overview of correspondences

7.5. Types of divergent correspondences

7.6. A closer look at some types of correspondences

7.6.1. Lexical verbs and their patterns

7.6.2. Modal particles

7.6.3. Zero correspondence

7.7. Conclusion

Some aspects of usuality in English and Norwegian*

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Material and method.

8.3. The det+hende construction and its correspondences in English

8.3.1. Frequency adverbial

8.3.2. Frequency adverbial + modal auxiliary

8.3.3. Modal auxiliary

8.3.4. Lexical verb

8.3.5. Other correspondences

8.3.6. The det+hende construction: Summing up

8.3.7. A note on det+hende constructions expanded by modal auxiliaries

8.4. The it+happen construction and its correspondences in Norwegian

8.5. Uses of the it+happen construction

8.6. Interpretation

8.6.1. Contrasting English and Norwegian

8.6.2. The function of hende/happen constructions

8.7. Conclusion

In search of the missing not

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Overall frequencies of ikke and not

9.3. English correspondences of Norwegian ikke

9.3.1. No-negation

9.3.2. Affixal negation

9.3.3. Other correspondences

9.4. Norwegian correspondences of English not

9.4.1. Synthetic negation

9.4.2. Affixal negation

9.4.3. Other correspondences

9.5. Why not not?

The generic person in English, German, and Norwegian

10.1. Introduction

10.2. Material and method

10.3. Overview

10.3.1. Syntax

10.3.2. Overall distribution: English one, German and Norwegian man

10.4. English one and its correspondences in German and Norwegian

10.5. English sources of Norwegian man

10.6. English sources of German man

10.7. Norwegian parallels to German man

10.8. Summing up the differences

10.9. German man + sehen

10.9.1. Generic senser subject

10.9.2. Specific senser subject

10.9.3. Phenomenon as subject

10.9.4. Dummy subject

10.9.5. No subject

10.9.6. Nominal

10.9.7. No perception process

10.9.8. Correspondences of man in combination with hören

10.9.9. German man + sehen: Discussion

10.10. A comparison with Swedish

Why change the subject?

11.1. Aim

11.2. The multiple-translation project.

11.3. Research questions

11.4. Characteristics of the subject

11.5. Overview of findings

11.6. What sorts of subjects are replaced?

11.7. Where do the new subjects come from?

11.8. Discussion of changes

11.8.1. Changes triggered by lexis

11.8.2. Nominalizations in subject position

11.8.3. Insertion of dummy det

11.8.4. Changes in voice

11.8.5. Subject selection and cohesion

11.9. Individual variation

11.10. Concluding remarks

Appendix: English original texts

Sentence openings in English and Norwegian

12.1. Introduction

12.2. Some recent corpus-based work on sentence openings

12.2.1. Hasselgård's studies of thematic choice

12.2.2. Altenberg's work on competition for first position

12.2.3. Translation effects

12.3. Sentence openings: The multiple-translation project

12.3.1. Simple onsets

12.3.2. Multiple onsets

12.3.3. Preservation of initial elements in spite of syntactic restructuring

12.4. Sentence openings: Summing up

12.5. Presentative constructions

12.6. Clefting

12.6.1. Clefting in English and Norwegian

12.6.2. Clefting in English and Swedish

12.7. The that's what construction

12.7.1. Material

12.7.2. Correspondence relations

12.7.3. German and Norwegian translations

12.7.4. Sources and parallels

12.7.5. The that's what construction: Summing up

12.8. Initial det in Norwegian and its correspondences in English

12.8.1. The dummy subject det

12.8.2. Non-subject det in initial position

12.9. Summing up

The semantics and pragmatics of the Norwegian concessive marker likevel

13.1. Introduction

13.2. Overview of the distribution of likevel

13.3. Correspondences and position

13.4. Discussion of correspondences

13.4.1. Local links

13.4.2. After all and likevel

13.4.3. Anyway: A universal concessive marker.

13.4.4. Contrastive correspondences

13.4.5. Zero correspondence

13.5. A comparison of translations and sources of likevel

13.6. Conclusion

How well can well be translated?

14.1. Introduction

14.2. Material and method

14.3. Well and its Norwegian correspondences

14.3.1. The discourse particle vel

14.3.2. The discourse particles nå and tja

14.3.3. The response particles ja and nei

14.3.4. Zero correspondence

14.3.5. Other correspondences

14.4. Some aspects of Norwegian and German correspondences

14.4.1. Zero correspondence

14.4.2. Individual variation

14.5. How well can well be translated?

Problems and prospects

15.1. The status of multilingual corpus research

15.2. Corpus building

15.3. Analysis

15.4. Feedback to theory

15.5. Applications

15.5.1. Lexicography

15.5.2. Translator training

15.5.3. Foreign-language teaching

15.6. Future directions

References

Appendix

A. The English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus: Fiction texts

B. The English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus: Non-fiction texts

C. The Oslo Multilingual Corpus: English-German-Norwegian texts (English originals)

D. The Oslo Multilingual Corpus: German-English-Norwegian texts (German originals)

E. The Oslo Multilingual Corpus: Norwegian-English-German texts (Norwegian originals)

F. The Oslo Multilingual Corpus: Norwegian-English-German-French texts (Norwegian originals)

Author index

Subject index

The series Studies in Corpus Linguistics.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9786612154942

9781282154940

128215494X

9789027292827

9027292825

OCLC:

191936383