Africa's first peacekeeping operation : the OAU in Chad, 1981-1982 / Terry M. Mays.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Mays, Terry M.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Organization of African Unity--Armed Forces--Chad.

Organization of African Unity.

Peacekeeping forces, African--Chad.

Peacekeeping forces, African.

Peacekeeping forces--Chad.

Peacekeeping forces.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xiv, 192 pages) : portraits

Edition:

1st ed.

Distribution:

London : Bloomsbury Publishing, 2024

Place of Publication:

Westport, Conn. : Praeger, 2002.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

In 1981 the Organization of African Unity (OAU) mandated and fielded the first regional peacekeeping operation since the Arab League's mission in Kuwait 20 years earlier. Battalion-sized contingents from Nigeria, Senegal, and Zaire were joined by smaller observer contingents from other OAU members in an effort to provide a buffer zone between the two main factions in the Chadian civil war. Mays opens his analysis by providing an overview of the concept of peacekeeping. Several definitions are offered to help distinguish between the various types of peace operations. After examining the concept hegemon, he looks at the ways regional and subregional hegemons utilize peacekeeping operations as foreign policy tools as they protect their interests. Mays argues that Nigeria, as a West African hegemon, served as the moving force behind the mandating and fielding of the OAU peacekeeping mission in Chad. Rather than being purely humanitarian in nature, Nigeria's motivation included the removal of French and later Libyan soldiers from a weak state on its border. However, Nigeria could not perform the task alone. France and the United States were instrumental as well in the mandating and fielding process. French and American interests stemmed from concern over Libyan motives in Chad. Nigeria kept the effort to mandate the peacekeeping operation alive for two years; France proved to be the stimulus behind persuading the Chadian government to accept the deployment of OAU peacekeepers and prompting the Senegalese to contribute a battalion to the mission; the United States contributed by keeping France and Nigeria focused on a peacekeeping solution and helping persuade Zaire to join the mission. Mays offers the first comprehensive examination of the OAU peacekeeping mission and reviews the political and military organization of the force as well as its deployment, redeployment plans, logistics, and operations between the Chadian factions. Utilizing an extensive collection of resources, including interviews with participants, diplomats, and government documents, he provdies a detailed examination of every meeting/conference between 1979 and 1981 that discussed a peacekeeping option for Chad. Factors of success in traditional peacekeeping operations are applied to the OAU mission, and he concludes by reviewing the impact of the 1981-1982 OAU operation on current African peacekeeping trends. An invaluable analysis for scholars, students, and other researchers involved with peacekeeping, international relations, and African studies.

Contents:

Cover

AFRICA'S FIRST PEACEKEEPING OPERATION

Contents

Illustrations

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1 Peacekeeping as a Foreign Policy Tool

OVERVIEW

WHAT IS PEACEKEEPING?

FACTORS OF SUCCESS

Consent and Acceptance by the Belligerents

Neutrality

Concurrent Peace Negotiations

Clear Mandate

OUTLINE OF THE BOOK

NOTES

Chapter 2 Background to the Chadian Crisis

FACTORS BEHIND THE CHADIAN CIVIL WAR

Factionalism and French Colonialism

Libya

INTERNATIONAL REACTION TO THE CHADIAN CIVIL WAR AND LIBYAN INVOLVEMENT IN THE CONFLICT

Nigeria

Francophone African States

France

United States

Great Britain

CHADIAN CIVIL WAR: 1966-1979

Chapter 3 The First Peacekeeping Operations in Chad

THE KANO CONFERENCES AND THE 1979 NIGERIAN UNILATERAL PEACEKEEPING OPERATION

Kano I (March 11-16, 1979)

Kano II (April 3-11, 1979)

LAGOS I (MAY 26-27, 1979) AND THE ORIGINS OF A PAN-AFRICAN PEACEKEEPING FORCE FOR CHAD

1979 NIGERIAN UNILATERAL PEACEKEEPING OPERATION: LESSONS LEARNED

Peacekeepers

Chadian Factions

Francophone States

Bordering States

THE OAU AND THE ENDORSEMENT OF THE NIGERIAN-LED PEACE PROCESS

OAU Defense Commission (April 21-27, 1979)

OAU Annual Summit (July 17-21, 1979)

MANDATING THE FIRST OAU PEACEKEEPING FORCE IN CHAD

Lagos II (August 14-21, 1979)

OAU Council of Ministers (February 6-15, 1980) and a Special OAU Conference on Peacekeeping (March 24-26, 1980)

1980 OAU PEACEKEEPING OPERATION: LESSONS LEARNED (OR RELEARNED)

Consent and Acceptance of Belligerents

Clear Mandate.

THE 1980 OAU PEACEKEEPING OPERATION: LOGISTICAL PROBLEMS

Chapter 4 Planning a New OAU Peacekeeping Operation for Chad

OAU ECONOMIC SUMMIT (APRIL 28-30 1980): NIGERIA REINTRODUCES THE CONCEPT OF PEACEKEEPING IN CHAD

THE OAU AND THE ENDORSEMENT OF A SECOND MULTINATIONAL PEACEKEEPING OPERATION IN CHAD

OAU Council of Ministers (June 23-29, 1980)

OAU Annual Summit (July 1-4, 1980)

THE OAU AD HOC COMMITTEE ON CHAD

First Conference (November 27-28, 1980)

Second Conference (December 23-24, 1980)

Third Conference (January 13-14, 1981)

THE OAU PLANS A NEW MULTINATIONAL PEACEKEEPING OPERATION

Nigeria-Libya Bilateral Discussion (February 14, 1981)

OAU Council of Ministers (February 23-March 2, 1981)

OAU Mini-Summit on Chad (May 21-22, 1981)

OAU Annual Summit (June 24-28, 1981)

FRENCH INITIATIVES IN SUPPORT OF OAU PEACEKEEPING

France-Chad Bilateral Talks (September 16-18, 1981)

North-South Economic Summit (October 20-22, 1981)

Franco-African Annual Summit (November 2-4, 1981)

Chapter 5 The 1981-1982 OAU Peacekeeping Force in Chad: A Political View

MANDATING AND FIELDING THE OAU PEACEKEEPING OPERATION

OAU Foreign Minister's Conference (November 13, 1981) and the Paris Accord (November 14, 1981)

The Arrival of the OAU Peacekeeping Force and OAU Ad Hoc Committee on Chad Conference (November 27-28, 1981)

MAINTAINING THE OAU PEACEKEEPING OPERATION

OAU Contingent Providers Meeting (January 6, 1982)

OAU Ad Hoc Committee on Chad (February 10-11, 1982)

OAU Council of Ministers (February 21-22, 1982)

OAU Mini-Summit on Chad (May 21-22, 1982)

Chapter 6 The 1981-1982 OAU Peacekeeping Force in Chad: Contingents and Political Organization

SECURING CONTINGENTS

Algeria

Benin

Cameroon

Congo

Egypt

Ethiopia

Gabon

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau.

Ivory Coast

Kenya

Madagascar

Mali

Senegal

Sudan

Togo

Upper Volta

Zaire

Zambia

POLITICAL ORGANIZATION

Chad Committee

OAU Chairman

OAU Secretary-General

OAU Special Representative in Chad

OAU Peacekeeping Operations Committee

OAU Force Commander

Chapter 7 The 1981-1982 OAU Peacekeeping Force in Chad: A Military View

INITIAL DEPLOYMENT

MILITARY ORGANIZATION

FUNDING AND LOGISTICAL SUPPORT

U.S. AID FOR ZAIRE: A CASE STUDY

REDEPLOYMENT: PHASE 1

Zone 1 (Zone A)

Zone 2 (Zone B)

Zone 3 (Zone C)

Zone 4 (Zone D)

Zone 5 (Zone E)

Zone 6

Zone 7

Zone 8

SECON IN MONGO: A CASE STUDY

REDEPLOYMENT: PHASE 2

FINAL FAN OFFENSIVE AND WITHDRAWAL OF THE OAU FROM CHAD

Chapter 8 Summary, Conclusions, and Impact on the Future of African Peacekeeping

THE 1981-1982 OAU PEACEKEEPING OPERATION AS AN EXTENSION OF STATE FOREIGN POLICY

THE 1981-1982 OAU PEACEKEEPING OPERATION AND THE FOUR FACTORS OF SUCCESS

GUNT and FAN

IMPACT OF THE 1981-1982 OAU PEACEKEEPING OPERATION ON THE FUTURE OF AFRICAN PEACEKEEPING

Appendix 1 Chronology (1979-1982)

Appendix 2 OAU Status of Forces Agreement

Bibliography

Index

About the Author.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references (p. [169]-186) and index.

ISBN:

979-84-00-60746-2

1-280-42289-0

9786610422890

0-313-01241-5

OCLC:

191950853