Molecular imaging through magnetic resonance for clinical oncology / Karen Belkic.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Belkic, Karen.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Diagnostic imaging.

Magnetic resonance.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (348 p.)

Place of Publication:

Cambridge : Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2004.

Language Note:

English

Contents:

Intro

About the author

CONTENTS

Preface

1. Introduction: Molecular Imaging and Oncology

1.1 Functional plus anatomic imaging: The importance of combined modalities for oncology

1.2 Spectroscopic imaging through MR: Possibilities to be fully tapped for clinical oncology

1.3 Objectives, scope and organization of this book

Part A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF BASIC PRINCIPLES

2. Magnetic Resonance

2.1 Precession: Response of 1H and some other nuclei to a static external magnetic field

2.2 Response to 90o radio-frequency pulse: Resonance and relaxation

2.3 Technical Considerations

3. In vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

3.1 Chemical shift as the basis for identifying metabolites via a frequency spectrum

3.2 Characteristics of the metabolites evaluated by MRS

3.3 1H (proton) MRS

3.4 31 P MRS

3.5 MRS of a single volume

3.6 Magnetic field inhomogeneity

4. Signal Processing for Magnetic Resonance: The Basics

4.1 The concept of conjugate variables: Complementary representations

4.2 From the time to the frequency domain

4.3 Spatial localization: from the momentum to the coordinate representations

4.4 A brief mathematical background

5. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging

5.1 Spatial resolution of spectra

5.2 Implementation of MRSI

6. Safety Considerations in Magnetic Resonance

6.1 Effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields and other risks related to magnetic resonance

6.2 Precautions in magnetic resonance

6.3 Contraindications to magnetic resonance

Part B MRS and MRSI

Current State of the Art in Clinical Oncology

7. Magnetic Resonance in Cancer Diagnostics: Generalities

7.1 Relaxation rates of neoplastic tissues

7.2 Contrast Enhancement

7.3 Informative metabolites and metabolite ratios from in vivo MRS for cancer diagnostics.

7.4 MRSI-Importance of full volumetric coverage

8. Brain Tumors

8.1 Overview of epidemiological &amp

clinical aspects

8.2 Magnetic resonance imaging in brain tumor diagnostics

8.3 Primary diagnosis of brain tumors using in vivo 1H-MRS-MRSI

8.4 In vivo MRS and MRSI for brain tumor grading

8.5 MRS &amp

MRSI for histopathologic classification

8.6 MRSI for localization of brain tumors

8.7 Gauging response to therapy by MRS &amp

MRSI

8.8 Prognostic information provided by MRSI

8.9 2D J-resolved and in vitro MRS: Further insight into the metabolic characteristics of brain tumors

9. Prostate Cancer

9.1 Overview of epidemiological &amp

9.2 MR-assisted prostate cancer diagnostics

9.3 MRI and MRSI for treatment planning

9.4 Follow-up with MRI &amp

MRSI after treatment

9.5 2D COSY &amp

in vitro MRS in prostate cancer

10. Gynecologic Cancers

10.1 Ovarian Cancer

10.2 Cancer of the Uterine Cervix

10.3 Endometrial Cancer

10.4 Comment on difference in approach to gender-specific cancers using MRS and MRSI

11. Head and Neck Cancers

11.1 Overview of epidemiological &amp

11.2 Anatomical and Functional Imaging

12. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

12.1 Overview of epidemiological &amp

12.2 Anatomical and Functional Imaging

13. Sarcomas-Musculoskeletal Tumors

13.1 Overview of epidemiological &amp

13.2 Current approach to 1° diagnosis &amp

staging

13.3 MRS in the assessment of sarcomas

14. Renal Cell Carcinomas

14.1 Overview of epidemiological &amp

14.2 Current approach to 1° diagnosis &amp

14.3 Initial studies using in vivo MRS

15. Hepatic, Gastrointestinal and other Tumors.

15.1 Functional Anatomical Imaging using PET and advanced CT-based methods

15.2 MRI and MRS in hepatic cancers

15.3 MR diagnostics in colorectal cancer

15.4 MR diagnostics in gastric cancer

15.5 MR diagnostics in esophageal cancer

15.6 MR diagnostics in pancreatic cancer

15.7 In Vitro MRS applied to some other cancers

16. Breast Cancer: Screening and Early Detection

16.1 Overview of epidemiological &amp

16.2 Breast cancer screening with mammography

16.3 Molecular imaging with FDG-PET and scintimammography

16.4 Magnetic resonance: Early results in 1° breast cancer diagnosis

Part C Future Perspectives for MRS and MRSI in Cancer Diagnostics

17. Limitations of MRS / MRSI in Oncology: Relation to Reliance on the Conventional Framework for Data Analysis

17.1 Low Resolution of FFT

17.2 Poor signal-to-noise ratio of FFT

17.3 The FFT supplies only a shape spectrum

17.4 FFT requires for fitting, which is non-unique, the number of metabolites are guessed in advance

17.5 Small number of observable compounds on MRS revealed with FFT

18. Mathematical Advances in Spectral Analysis: Relevance for MRS/MRSI Cancer Diagnostics

18.1 The fast Padé transform has rapid, stable convergence

18.2 The FPT improves resolution and SNR

18.3 The FPT determines the exact number of metabolites

18.4 The FPT treats both Lorentzian and non- Lorentzian spectra on the same footing

18.5 The FPT can unambiguously identify overlapping resonances

18.6 The FPT accurately estimates concentrations

18.7 An illustration of the performance of the FPT for a clinical MRS signal

18.8 Validity of the FPT-Error analysis

18.9 Appropriateness of the FPT for tumor diagnostics within magnetic resonance

19. Next Needed Steps: Padé-Based Optimization of MRS and MRSI in Cancer Diagnostics.

19.1 View to early detection / screening

20. Concluding Comments and Outlooks: Prevention, Early Detection &amp

Monitoring Cancer in a more Comprehensive Perspective

20.1 Emphasis upon quality of life

Appendix 1 Glossary of Some Terms Relevant to MRS and MRSI

Appendix 2 List of Acronyms.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

1-280-36120-4

9786610361205

1-904602-86-X

1-4237-4736-4

OCLC:

63164681