Civil resistance in Kosovo / Howard Clark.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Clark, Howard.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Albanians--Serbia and Montenegro--Kosovo (Serbia)--History.

Albanians.

Passive resistance--Serbia and Montenegro--Kosovo (Serbia).

Passive resistance.

Kosovo War, 1998-1999.

Kosovo (Republic)--History--1980-2008.

Kosovo (Republic).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xx, 266 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

London ; Sterling, Va. : Pluto Press, 2000.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The world woke up to the conflict between Serbs and Kosovo Albanians too late - when Kosovo erupted into full-scale war in the spring of 1999. But many Balkans watchers were surprised war in Kosovo did not happen sooner. In Civil Resistance in Kosovo, Howard Clark argues that war had been avoided previously because of the self-restraint exercised by the Kosovo Albanians and their policy of nonviolence. Prior to the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)'s taking up of arms, Kosovo Albanians had had a long history of civil resistance in the face of Serbian ultra-nationalism. They were committed to a strategy of nonviolent resistance even as they were harassed by Serbian police, vilified in racial terms, and excluded from jobs, education and government benefits. Excluded from the 1995 Dayton Agreement, Kosovo became a breeding ground for frustration and ethnic strife, ultimately leading to war and the NATO bombings. The author traces the historical evolution of the Kosovo Albanians' struggle, from peaceful demonstrations to the KLA backlash, covering the 1980's to the present day. In assessing the achievements and limitations of nonviolence, Clark explains why the policy was ultimately abandoned and how it could have been made more effective. Importantly, this book draws on the lessons of Kosovo to provide suggestions for future peace-building.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Acknowledgements

Maps

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Brief Chronology

Background on Kosovo

Introduction

1 When a dam breaks

The demographic battlefield: 1912-66

After the fall of Rankovic ´

The rising swell of nationalism

Milosevic mobilises

Lazar's curse: Whoever does not fight at Kosovo

2 The Albanians in Kosovo

The Ottoman Empire

The First World War and the First Yugoslavia

The Second World War

A resistant culture

Tito s Yugoslavia

Everything but a republic

1981 and afterwards

3 The turn to nonviolence

Miners defend autonomy

An afterword on Communism in Kosovo

The Party crumbles

Organisation and pluralism

The Campaign to Reconcile Blood Feuds

Military realism

Nonviolence in Kosovo Albanian identity

4 Two sovereignties

A Serbian recipe for Albanian separatism

Wholesale dismissals

Police and paramilitary

The contest for legitimacy

The electoral boycott

International support

Independence: a maximalist goal?

Independence: a maximalist goal? ?

5 Parallel structures

Schools in struggle 96Open but illegal

The University of Prishtina

Funding education

The lesson taught

Medical care 106The media

Arts and sport

Economic survival

Politics as if

A state- in- embryo

6 Pointers for an alternative strategy

The Dayton effect

A framework for active nonviolence

A strategy of empowerment

Altering Serbian will

Empowerment: women

Empowerment: youth

The student movement of 1997 98

7 When the world takes notice

Principles and interests

In the absence of a peace process

International solidarity takes time

International support for peacebuilding.

The crisis erupts

OSCE too little, , too late

NATO bombs for credibility

8 Reflections on civil resistance

The balance sheet on civil resistance

Victim behaviour and nonviolence

Leader syndromes

Goals and transitions

Civil resistance and conflict resolution 206Early warning, civil resistance and small nations

Appendix I: Tables

Appendix II: Notes on Terms, Pronunciation and Glossary

Appendix III: Leading Characters

Notes and References

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Select Bibliography

Index

Ackerman,Peter and Christopher Kruegler

191

205-6

210

active nonviolence

124

129

155

Agani,Fehmi

84

119

127

143

152

160

181

Albania

attitudes to events in Kosovo, 55

denies military training 65

in Second World War 29-30

influence 119-20

normalisation of relations with Yugoslavia 40

pyramid crisis 126-8

support from 92

support from 101-2

support from 109

aids crushing of Kaçaks 28

foundation 26-7

and schools

and schools 97

and schools 99-100

and UPSUP 152-3

Assembly of Kosovo

52

72-73

82

asylum seekers

return of 172

return of 173

attack student demonstrations

attack student demonstrations 154

attack student demonstrations 156

Badinter Commission 92-3

Balkan Peace Team

2

142

154

Balli Kombëtar [BK -Ballists] 29-30

Berisha,Sali [president of Albania[1992-97]

119-20

123

126

127-8

besa [vow]

33

50

61

62

63

Blood Feuds,Campaign to Reconcile

40

60-4

68

117

137-8

Bosnia-Herzegovina

4

51

80

87.

Bozur

77-8

227 n.40

BSPK [Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosova]

BSPK [Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosova] 7

BSPK [Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosova] 80

BSPK [Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosova] 81

BSPK [Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosova] 82

BSPK [Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosova] 114

Bukoshi,Bujar [prime-minister-in-exile]

90

118

Burrowes,Robert

130

calls to openness on future and transitional 161-4

Catholic priests™ memorandum[1930]

10-11

34-5

Centre for Protection of Women and Children

146

148-9

ceta/cetniks

10

11

27

civil resistance, defined 3

clan [fis]

32

Committee of Serbs and Montenegrins [in Kosovo]

17

18

Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe [CSCE]

87

90-1

93

95

109

120

163

conscription

25

43

228 n.1

evasion and resistance 79

evasion and resistance 101

evasion and resistance 140

evasion and resistance 245 n.39

Paracin incident 18-19

bullying of conscripts 58

constitutional status of Kosovo

15

39-40

73

92-4

Council for the Defence of Human Rights and Freedoms[CDHRF]

1

3

55

59

74

79

96

100

Croatia

108

213

second front proposal 64

second front proposal 234 n.56

Radio Zagreb 101

Radio Zagreb 109

Cubrilovic,Vaso

12

77

188

Dayton Accords

122

Demaçi,Adem

and PPK 125

Balkania 162

Balkania 177

hunger strike 109

political prisoner 38

political prisoner 73

and CDHRF 85

and nonviolence 57

and nonviolence 60

and Serbian opposition 126

criticises LDK 118.

criticises LDK 123

criticises LDK 125

criticises LDK 128

criticises LDK 129

criticises LDK 175

supports youth 150

supports youth 152

demographic issues

birth rate 11

birth rate 19

birth rate 35-6

birth rate 45

birth rate 72

birth rate 75

birth rate 235 n.3

repatriation 8

repatriation 10-12

repatriation 37-8

repatriation 78

emigration [Albanian] 15

emigration [Albanian] 36

emigration [Serbian] 12

emigration [Serbian] 13-15

emigration [Serbian] 17-18

emigration [Serbian] 112

emigration [Serbian] 139

Slav settlers 8-10

Slav settlers 11

Slav settlers 72

dialogue

69

136

141-3

164

207-10

diaspora

57

64

89

110

113

133

168

dismissals mass

74-7

96-7

101

106

Dobruna,Vjosa

149

Drenica armed clashes

build-up of forces 172

massacres 173-5

massacres 177-8

Durham,Edith

9

economy of Kosovo

survival strategies 113-5

[before 14

[before 37

[before 39

[before 41

[before 44

[before 51

strategic vacuum and potential 114-5

strategic vacuum and potential 135-6

strategic vacuum and potential 164

strategic vacuum and potential 167-8

economy of Yugoslavia 4

education/schooling [Albanian]

denied 10

denied 32

denied 34

impact of 38

impact of 62

impact of 66

negotiations 93-4

negotiations 124-5

negotiations 157

negotiations 162.

of girls 35

of girls 99

organised 32

organised 34-5

protests on education 96

protests on education 97

protests on education 98

protests on education 124-5

protests on education 151-7

clampdown 96-7

demanded 25

demanded 28

parallel 96-100

parallel 104-5

parallel 117

parallel 120

parallel 135

parallel 170

provision for 35

provision for 37

provision for 39

elections

boycott of Serbian and federal 84-9

parallel 83

parallel 89

parallel 124

parallel 172

empowerment

empowerment 116-7

empowerment 130-2

empowerment 145

empowerment 151

ethnic key system

14

45

166

European Parliament 90

European Union/European Community

92-3

family

33-4

203

final status

n.12

162

249

First World War

26-7

flag [Albanian]

13

30

38

39

For Democracy,Against Violence petition

57-8

81

134

195

200

Forum for Ethnic Relations[Belgrade]

204

Gandhi,Mohandas K.

6

115

135-9

206-7

Gandhian nonviolence

67

135-8

206

government-in-exile

103

Hartsough,David

202 n.28

248 n.72

health service

care, 8

care, 170-1

personnel 75

personnel 106

Helsinki Committee [Belgrade,Prishtina and International Helsinki Federation]

142-3

house arrest 184.

Humanitarian Law Centre/Fund Belgrade].

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references (p. 258-261) and index.

ISBN:

9781849640817

1849640815

9780585426587

0585426589

OCLC:

50825297