Unsafe haven : the United States, the IRA, and political prisoners / Karen McElrath.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

McElrath, Karen, 1959-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Political prisoners--Legal status, laws, etc--United States.

Political prisoners.

Deportation--United States.

Deportation.

Extradition--United States.

Extradition.

United States--Relations--Great Britain.

United States.

Great Britain--Relations--United States.

Great Britain.

United States--Foreign relations--1993-2001.

United States--Emigration and immigration--History--20th century.

Northern Ireland--Emigration and immigration--History--20th century.

Northern Ireland.

Irish Republican Army.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (176 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

London ; Sterling, Va. : Pluto Press, 2000.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

For almost two hundred years the United States has been a safe haven for Irish political prisoners seeking refuge. More recently however the US government has sought deportation, extradition and prosecution to exclude Irish republicans from the country. In the first book to focus on the relationship between these tools of exclusion and US foreign policy, Karen McElrath examines why this change has come about and the extent to which the granting of political asylum in the US is influenced by relations with Britain and other countries.Karen McElrath questions US government attempts to portray an impartial role in the Irish conflict, arguing that historical and contemporary evidence reveals otherwise. She shows that, far from being a neutral process, the success of bids for political asylum often depends on the relationship between the US and the government of the applicant's country of origin. Drawing on exclusive interviews with Irish Republicans who have faced deportation or extradition from the United States, or who have been prosecuted in the US for politically-motivated offences, McElrath explores the links between deportation and extradition outcomes and foreign policy issues. The tools of exclusion are defined in their historical context, and the history of US extradition law is described, with particular focus on the treaties with Britain. McElrath also examines the offences for which Irish and Irish-American Republicans have been charged, discusses the various levels of support for Irish political prisoners in the US, and summarises the findings by international human rights organisations.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Acknowledgements

Foreword

Introduction

1History

Safe Haven

Non-Intervention by the Executive Branch

Summary

2 Deportation and Other Immigration Controls

US Immigration Policies

Visitor Visas

Refugees and Foreign Policy

Political Asylum

Recent Struggles for Refuge: Selected Cases

3 Extradition

Extradition Warrants: 1977 to 1986

Amendments to the Political Offence Exception

4 Prosecution

Selected Cases

Other Sources of Weaponry

5 Media Caricatures

The British Line

Images of Ceasefire

Media Distortions of the Perpetrators of Violence

Media Distortions Relating to the Victims of Violence

6 The Facade of Neutrality

The Clinton Era

Human Rights and Foreign Policy

US Support for Violations of Due Process

Terrorist List

Conclusion

Political Offences versus Terrorism

Shift in US Policy

Support and Publicity

References

Case Cited

Statutes Cited

Appendices

Research Context and Background

Table 1 Murder victims of Loyalist violence, 1996 to 1999, during alleged loyalist ceasefire

Notes

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Name Index

Index

African Americans

6

47 n.3

Media portrayals in the United States 99

Processed by criminal justice system in the United States 99

Alpha 66-7

Ancient Order of Hibernians 31

Anglo-Irish Agreement

51 n.9

51

Anti-immigrant sentiment 22

Aryan Nations 66

Bloody Sunday

16 n.11

16

37

88

120

Boer War 10

Boston

3 70

71

British Foreign Office

118

119

British Information Service 86

Ceasefires

Cover names 91

Fundraising and 121.

Questions about the existence of a loyalist ceasefire 43

Questions about the existence of a loyalist ceasefire 43

Questions about the existence of a loyalist ceasefire 89-92

Central Intelligence Agency [CIA]

67

68

69

Clan na Gael

10 n.4

10 n.5

10

Clemency for Irish political prisoners 14

Collusion

62

123

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices

29

104-6

Crime of moral turpitude

2

23-4

Cuban immigrants to the United States 30

Cuban political prisoners

54

116

Defence [support] groups 40

Democracy 4-5

Deportation

12

21-44

Costs for individuals 39-40

Failure to disclose past convictions and 22

Following extradition 47

Following extradition 53

Following extradition 54

Following extradition 61

Following extradition 64

Official reasons for 21

Political offenders excluded from 24

Suspensions 41-2

Dillingham Commission 22 n.1

Diplock courts

32 n.5

32

102

107

Easter Rising

11 n.6

14

41

Media and 85

Escape from prison

8

9

55

59

Escapees, treatment of upon their return 61-2

European Court of Human Rights 95

European Human Rights Commission 110

Extradition

3

45-64

Bail/bond and 58-9

Costs 56 n.15

Criteria used for 46

Criteria used for 48-9

Criteria used for 53

Criteria used for 55

De facto 52

De facto 57

Disguised [see also 'deportation following extradition'] 47

Political offence exception 51-2

Political offence exception 60

South of Ireland to north 63

Treaties [historical] 8

Treaties [historical] 10

Treaty of, 60 n.20

Treaty of, 60

US-UK Supplementary Treaty 45

US-UK Supplementary Treaty 45.

US-UK Supplementary Treaty 51-2

US-UK Supplementary Treaty 51-2

US-UK Supplementary Treaty 53

US-UK Supplementary Treaty 60 n.20

US-UK Supplementary Treaty 60

Fear of persecution [well-founded]

2 n.2

28

39

Refugee status and 27

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Counter-terrorism programme 66

Relationship with RUC 81

Relationship with RUC 93-4

Relationship with RUC 109

Targeting of Irish persons 24-5

Targeting of Irish republicans 18

Targeting of Irish republicans 33

Targeting of Irish republicans 34

Targeting of Irish republicans 66-7

Training by 80-1

Fenian Brotherhood 9

Fort Worth Five 68

Friends of Ireland 16

Gibraltar killings

95

110

Good Friday Agreement

88 n.5

89

91

115

Grand Jury abuse 68

H-block

4 55 n.13

Harryville [County Antrim], loyalist protest 106

Hierarchy of death 96

Human Rights Practices

Descriptions by US congressional members 17-18

Findings relating to 107-11

Hunger Strikes [1981]

19

20

26

99 n.13

Ideology of

117 n.3

117-18

Immigration and Naturalization Service [INS]

21

34

38

46

Political asylum and 28

Political asylum and 29

United States-Britain alliance, concern for 31

Immigration law

11

Applied to specific groups 22-3

Quotas for entry 23

Indictments [United States] 66

Internment 58 n.17

Ireland [south] and

63

Political offence exception and 51

Portrayals of violence 92-6

Portrayals of violence 99

Terrorist list, United States 12

Irish America

5-6

Definitional problems 5-6

Indifference 5-6

Influence 101.

Irish conflict and 28

President Woodrow Wilson and 14

Weaponry from 76-7

Irish famine

7

12 n.8

12-13

Relief for 12-13

Irish National Liberation Army [INLA] 43

Irish Northern Aid

35

76

121 n.4

Irish Republican Brotherhood [IRB]

9 n.3

Irish Revolutionary Brotherhood [IRB]

Irish, portrayal of

13

Ku Klux Klan 66

Legal system, Northern Ireland

106-11

Exposure 121

Long Kesh

3 n.3

42

56

Lookout system

15

25

MacBride Principles

33 n.6

33

101 n.1

Francis Gildernew and 33

President Bill Clinton and 101-2

Marita Ann 69

Media

84-100

Cases in the United States and 121-2

Censorship and 87 n.4

Censorship and 87

Military intelligence [United States] 12

Mitchell Principles

89 n.6

Neutrality [south of Ireland] 15

Northern Ireland Assembly 88-9

Northern Ireland Office 118

Northern Ireland [Emergency Provisions] Act

115 n.2

Partition 15

Plastic bullets

78-9

106

Political asylum

2 n.1

28-30

Extradition and 47

United States foreign policy and 29-30

United States foreign policy and 31

Political offenders 66

Politically-motivated offences

114-15

Prison sentence remission 75-6

Prisoner release

53 n.12

56 n.16

Red Hand Defenders 98

Refugee Act

[ 27

[ 27 n.2

[ 30

[ 44

Royal Ulster Constabulary [RUC] 61

Scheduled offences

52 n.11

52

Shoot-to-kill policy

Sinn Féin

Excluded from talks 90

Friends of Sinn Féin 121

Fundraising 111-12

United States and 103.

Special Air Service [SAS]

Special category prisoner [Ireland]

49

Special relationship

4

18

53

111

US-UK Supplementary Treaty and 45

US-UK Supplementary Treaty and 51

Weakening of 103

Stalker Report 63

State violence

5

78

94-5

Support from individuals and groups in the United States

40

120-3

Terrorism

66

Official [British] definition of 52 n.11

Official [British] definition of 115

Subjective definitions of 4-5

Terrorist organisations, official designation of 12

Transfers [prison]

74-6

113 n.9

Ulster Defence Association [UDA]

90

Ulster Democratic Party [UDP] 90

Ulster Freedom Fighters [UFF] 90

United States

also 'special relationship ' 3

also 'special relationship ' 7

also 'special relationship ' 10

also 'special relationship ' 11

also 'special relationship ' 13

also 'special relationship ' 17

also 'special relationship ' 20

also 'special relationship ' 22

Military support to/from Britain 4

Military support to/from Britain 16

Military support to/from Britain 52

Military support to/from Britain 56

Military support to/from Britain 64

Military support to/from Britain 79-80

Non-intervention into Irish affairs 1

Non-intervention into Irish affairs 7

Non-intervention into Irish affairs 8

Non-intervention into Irish affairs 12

Non-intervention into Irish affairs 19

Non-intervention into Irish affairs 20

Non-intervention into Irish affairs 101

Non-intervention into Irish affairs 117

Policy shift regarding Irish republicans 4

Policy shift regarding Irish republicans 116-17.

Policy shift regarding Irish republicans 116-17.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-157) and indexes.

ISBN:

9781849640169

1849640165

9780585425801

0585425809

OCLC:

71346986