William of Sherwood's Treatise on syncategorematic words / translated with an introd. and notes by Norman Kretzmann.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

William, of Sherwood, active 1260.

Contributor:

Kretzmann, Norman.

Standardized Title:

Syncategoremata. English

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Logic--Early works to 1800.

Logic.

Logic, Medieval.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (173 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Other Title:

Syncategorematic words.

Place of Publication:

Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press, [1968]

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This is the first translation of an important medieval work in philosophy, an advanced treatise by the thirteenth-century English logician William of Sherwood.

Contents:

Intro

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TRANSLATOR'S INTRODUCTION

WILLIAM OF SHERWOOD'S INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I. 'EVERY' OR 'ALL' (OMNIS)

1. The Signification of 'Every' or 'All'

2. Specific and Numerical Parts

3. 'Every' or 'All' Taken Properly and Taken Commonly

4. Proximate and Remote Parts

5. The Rule of Three

6. A Doubt Regarding the Rule of Three

7. 'Every' or 'All' Attached to a Discrete Term

8. 'Every' or 'All' Added to a Common Term Known to Have Exactly One Appellatum

9. 'Every' or 'All' Added to a Predicate

10. 'Every' or 'All' Added to a Term Involving a Clause or Phrase

11. 'Another' within the Scope of 'Every' or 'All'

12. 'When' within the Scope of 'Every' or 'All'

13. The Effect of the Location of 'Every' or 'All' on Supposition

14. An Illicit Transformation of a Quale Quid into a Hoc Aliquid

15. Another Example of Such Illicit Transformation

16. 'Himself within the Scope of 'Every' or 'All'

17. The Immobilization of One Distribution by Another

18. A Second Example of Such Immobilization

19. A Third Example of Such Immobilization

20. 'Only One' within the Scope of 'Every' or 'All'

21. 'Every' or 'All' Taken Collectively and Taken Distributively

22. Other Universal Affirmative Signs

CHAPTER II. 'WHOLE' (TOTUM)

CHAPTER III. NUMBER WORDS (DICTIONES NUMERALES)

CHAPTER IV. 'INFINITELY MANY' (INFINITA IN PLURALI)

1. 'Infinitely Many' and Number Words

2. 'Infinitely Many' and 'Finitely Many'

CHAPTER V. 'BOTH' (UTERQUE)

CHAPTER VI. 'OF EVERY SORT' (QUALELIBET)

1. Signs Distributive of Copulata

2. 'Of Every Sort' Used Categorematically and Syncategorematically

3. 'Of Every Sort' in Combination with Other Distributive Signs

4. Logical Descent in Connection with a Sign Distributive of Copulata

CHAPTER VII. 'NO' (NULLUS).

1. Specific and Numerical Parts

2. Proximate and Remote Parts

3. The Scope of the Negation Belonging to 'No'

4. Another Example Regarding the Scope of Such Negation

5. A Term Involving a Clause or Phrase within the Scope of 'No'

6. Whether Attaching 'No' to a Term Causes It to Stand for Nonexistents

7. A Third Example Regarding the Scope of the Negation Belonging to 'No'

CHAPTER VIII. 'NOTHING' (NIHIL)

1. The Scope of the Negation Belonging to 'Nothing'

2. The Immobilization of One Negative Word by Another

3. The Illicit Use of 'Nothing' as a Name

CHAPTER IX. 'NEITHER' (NEUTRUM)

CHAPTER X. 'BUT' (PRAETER)

1. Reasons for Discussing 'But' at This Point

2. 'But' Taken Diminutionally and Taken Counter-instantively

3. A Doubt Regarding the Additive and Exceptive Uses of 'But'

4. A Confusion of the Diminutional and Counter-instantive Uses of 'But'

5. A Second Example of Such Confusion

6. 'But' Used Exceptively on 'Whole'

7. Immobilization by Means of 'But'

8. Excepting as Many Things as Are Supposited

9. A Second Example of Excepting as Many Things as Are Supposited

10. A Third Example of Excepting as Many Things as Are Supposited

11. The Absence of Confused Supposition from a Term Designating Something Excepted

12. Immobilization of a Term in Respect of Which an Exception Is Made

13. The Misuse of Exception as a Means of Rendering a Wholly False Statement True

14. Contrasting Truth-values in Exceptive Statements and Their Non-exceptive Originals

15. Immobilization by Means of Exception in Cases Involving More than One Division

16. Ambiguity in Cases Involving Exception and More than One Division

17. The Exceptive 'But' Together with the Copulative 'And'

18. Exception in Cases Involving More than One Time

CHAPTER XI. 'ALONE' (SOLUS).

1. Reasons for Discussing 'Alone' at This Point

2. 'Alone' Used Categorematically and Syncategorematically

3. Why 'Alone' Is Better Added to a Discrete than to a Common Term

4. A Supposed Pluralizing Effect of 'Alone'

5. A Supposed Negating Effect of 'Alone'

6. A Supposed Including Effect of 'Alone'

7. 'Alone' Excluding Generally and Specifically

8. Immobilization as a Result of Exclusion in the Subject

9. Immobilization of a Division by Means of a Preceding Exclusion

10. Exclusion in the Subject with One of the Terms Involving a Clause or Phrase

11. The Exclusive 'Alone' Together with the Copulative 'And'

12. Two Ways in Which a Clause or Phrase Involved in the Subject Term Can Fall under an Exclusion

13. The Effect of One Exclusion upon Another

14. A Second Example of the Effect of One Exclusion upon Another

15. 'Alone' Together with Number Words

16. The Effect of the Relative Location of Words Indicating Exclusion and Division

17. A Second Example of the Exclusive 'Alone' Together with the Copulative 'And'

18. A Third Example of the Exclusive 'Alone' Together with the Copulative 'And'

CHAPTER XII. 'ONLY' (TANTUM)

1. 'Only' Used Categorematically and Syncategorematically

2. A Doubt Regarding the Determination of a Subject by Means of an Adverb

3. A Comparison of 'Only' and 'Alone'

4. 'Only' Adjoined to a Number Term

5. 'Only' Added to a Copulated Term

6. 'Only' Adjoined to a Disjoined Term

7. 'Only' Adjoined to a Concrete Term

8. Another Example of 'Only' Adjoined to a Concrete Term

9. Systematic Ambiguity in Connection with 'Only'

10. That around Which and That in Respect of Which Exclusion Occurs

11. A Second Example Having to Do with That Distinction

12. A Third Example Having to Do with That Distinction.

13. An Example Having to Do with That Distinction in Connection with 'Alone'

14. An Example Having to Do with That Distinction in Connection with 'Alone' and 'And'

15. An Explanation of the Occurrence of Exclusion in Respect of Different Things

CHAPTER XIII. 'IS' (EST)

1. Whether 'Is' Is a Syncategorematic Word

2. The Status of 'Is' Occurring as a Third Ingredient

3. 'Is' Indicating Actual Being and Conditional Being

CHAPTER XIV. 'NOT' (NON)

1. Whether 'Not' and 'Is' Are Opposed

2. Negation of a Term and Negation of a Composition

3. 'Not' Taken Extinctively and Otherwise

4. Negative Propositions with Many Causes of Truth

5. More Examples of Negative Propositions with Many Causes of Truth

6. Negation Giving Rise to Supposition for Nonexistents

7. The Effect of Negation on an Inference from an Inferior to a Superior

CHAPTER XV. 'NECESSARILY' (NECESSARIO) AND 'CONTINGENTLY' (CONTINGENTER)

1. 'Necessarily' and 'Contingently' Used Categorematically and Syncategorematically

2. 'Necessarily' as a Note of Coherence and as a Note of Inherence

3. 'Necessarily' Together with the Exclusive 'Only'

4. 'Necessarily' Together with the Exclusive 'Alone'

5. 'Necessarily' Together with the Distributive Sign 'Every'

6. 'Of Necessity' Together with the Distributive Sign 'Every'

CHAPTER XVI. 'BEGINS' (INCIPIT) AND 'CEASES' (DESINIT)

1. 'Begins' and 'Ceases' Used Categorematically and Syncategorematically

2. 'Begins' a Syncategorematic Word despite Grammatical Appearances

3. The Expositions of 'Begins' and 'Ceases'

4. Immobilization Resulting from an Occurrence of 'Begins' or 'Ceases'

5. Confused Supposition Resulting from an Occurrence of 'Begins' or 'Ceases'

6. Ambiguity Resulting from the Possibility of Fixed-state or Successive-state Expositions of 'Begins' or 'Ceases'.

7. Ambiguity Resulting from the Compounded/Divided Distinction in Connection with 'Begins' or 'Ceases'

8. A Second Example of Such Ambiguity

9. A Third Example of Such Ambiguity

10. An Inference from an Inferior to a Superior Acceptable under a Categorematic Use of 'Begins' or 'Ceases'

CHAPTER XVII. 'IF' (SI)

1. Conjunctions and Prepositions

2. The Difference between 'If' and 'It Follows'

3. Why 'If' Is Not Attached to the Consequent Although It Indicates Consequence

4. How 'Antecedent' and 'Consequent' Are to Be Understood in Connection with Consequence

5. Truth and Falsity in Conditional Propositions

6. Conditional Propositions and Categorical Propositions with Conditioned Predicates

7. Another Example Involving That Distinction

8. Conditional Propositions Distinguished from Categorical Propositions with Conditioned Subjects

9. Ambiguity Resulting from the Occurrence of a Relative Clause in the Antecedent

10. 'If' Noting Consequences Absolutely and under the Prevailing Circumstances

11. Necessary and Merely True Consequences

12. Natural and Nonnatural Consequences

13. Ambiguity Resulting from Multiple Occurrences of 'If'

14. Ambiguity Resulting from Exclusion or Negation in Conditionals

15. Ambiguity Resulting from Modes in Conditionals

16. Immobilization in the Antecedent but Not in the Consequent

17. Ascent and Descent in Undistributed Antecedents and Consequents

18. A Paradoxical Chain of Consequences

19. A Second Paradoxical Chain of Consequences

20. A Third Paradoxical Chain of Consequences

21. A Fourth Paradoxical Chain of Consequences

CHAPTER XVIII. 'UNLESS' (NISI)

1. The Logical and Grammatical Character of 'Unless'

2. 'Unless' Taken as a Consecutive Conjunction

3. 'Unless' Taken as an Exceptive Word.

4. Ambiguity Resulting from Taking 'Unless' as a Consecutive or as an Exceptive.

Notes:

Translation of Syncategoremata.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-162) and index.

ISBN:

0-8166-5805-6

OCLC:

233573214