Subseafloor biosphere linked to hydrothermal systems : TAIGA concept / edited by Jun-ichiro Ishibashi, Kyoko Okino, Michinari Sunamura.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ishibashi, Jun-ichiro.

Contributor:

Ishibashi, Jun-ichiro., editor.

Okino, Kyoko., editor.

Sunamura, Michinari., editor.

Series:

Earth and Environmental Science Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Oceanography.

Geochemistry.

Biosphere.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xviii, 666 pages): illustrations, maps, charts

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Tokyo, Japan : Springer Open : Imprint: Springer, [2015].

Language Note:

English

System Details:

Text file

Summary:

This book is the comprehensive volume of the TAIGA ("a great river" in Japanese) project. Supported by the Japanese government, the project examined the hypothesis that the subseafloor fluid advection system (subseafloor TAIGA) can be categorized into four types, TAIGAs of sulfur, hydrogen, carbon (methane), and iron, according to the most dominant reducing substance, and the chemolithoautotrophic bacteria/archaea that are inextricably associated with respective types of TAIGAs which are strongly affected by their geological background such as surrounding host rocks and tectonic settings. Sub-seafloor ecosystems are sustained by hydrothermal circulation or TAIGA that carry chemical energy to the chemosynthetic microbes living in an extreme environment. The results of the project have been summarized comprehensively in 50 chapters, and this book provides an overall introduction and relevant topics on the mid-ocean ridge system of the Indian Ocean and on the arc-backarc systems of the Southern Mariana Trough and Okinawa Trough. --Provided by publisher

Contents:

Intro

Preface

Editorial Board

Acknowledgments

List of External Reviewers

Contents

Part I: Interdisciplinary Studies

Chapter 1: Introduction of TAIGA Concept

1.1 Subseafloor Biosphere and Hydrosphere

1.2 Hydrothermal Systems as a Window of Sub-seafloor TAIGAs

1.3 Diversity of Subseafloor TAIGAs

1.3.1 TAIGA of Hydrogen

1.3.2 TAIGA of Methane

1.3.3 TAIGA of Sulfur

1.3.4 TAIGA of Iron

1.4 Interdisciplinary Studies During TAIGA Project

References

Chapter 2: Geochemical Constraints on Potential Biomass Sustained by Subseafloor Water-Rock Interactions

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Method to Estimate the Potential Biomass Sustained by Chemosynthetic Primary Production

2.2.1 Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Communities

2.2.2 Subseafloor Basaltic Oceanic Crust Communities

2.3 Potential Biomass Sustained by High-Temperature Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Systems

2.3.1 Geochemical Characteristics of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fluids

2.3.2 Bioavailable Energy Yield from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fluids

2.3.3 Fluxes of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fluids

2.3.4 Biomass Potential in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Ecosystems

2.4 Potential Biomass Sustained by Low-Temperature Alteration/Weathering of Oceanic Crust

2.4.1 Processes and Fluxes of Elemental Exchange Between Seawater and Oceanic Crust During Low-Temperature Alteration/Weatheri...

2.4.1.1 Iron

2.4.1.2 Sulfur

2.4.2 Bioavailable Energy Yield from Low-Temperature Alteration/Weathering of Oceanic Crust

2.4.3 Biomass Potential in Oceanic Crust Ecosystems

2.5 Microbial Biomass Potentials Associated with Fluid Flows in Ocean and Oceanic Crust and the Impact on Global Geochemical C...

Chapter 3: Microbial Cell Densities, Community Structures, and Growth in the Hydrothermal Plumes of Subduction Hydrothermal Sy.

3.1 Introduction to Hydrothermal Plumes and the TAIGA Concept

3.2 Microbial Communities in Hydrothermal Plumes

3.3 Growth Zone of SUP05

3.4 Changes in the Microbial Community During the ``Chemical Evolution´´ of a Plume

3.5 Contribution of a Specific Microbial Community for Total Plume Microbial Ecosystem

3.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives

3.7 Materials and Methods

3.7.1 Samples Used in This Study

3.7.2 Analytical Methods

Chapter 4: Systematics of Distributions of Various Elements Between Ferromanganese Oxides and Seawater from Natural Observatio...

4.1 Introduction

4.2 General Tendency for Cations

4.3 General Tendency for Anions

4.4 Relationship Between Distribution of Trace Elements and Their Local Structures at the Solid-Water Interface

4.5 Adsorption of Chromate: Additional Spectroscopic Data

4.6 Two pKa Model

4.7 Conclusions and Implications

Chapter 5: Evaluating Hydrothermal System Evolution Using Geochronological Dating and Biological Diversity Analyses

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Development of Dating Methods

5.2.1 Geochemical Approach for Ore Minerals

5.2.2 Comparison between ESR and U-Th ages

5.2.3 Ecological Analyses of Vent Fauna

5.3 Comparisons Between Ecological and Geochemical Age Information

5.4 Conclusions

Chapter 6: Quantification of Microbial Communities in Hydrothermal Vent Habitats of the Southern Mariana Trough and the Mid-Ok...

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Materials and Methods

6.2.1 Sampling Sites and Sample Collection

6.2.2 Chemical Characteristics of Hydrothermal Fluids

6.2.3 Catalyzed Reporter Deposition-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

6.2.4 Cluster Analysis of Microbial Community Composition by CARD-FISH

6.3 Results and Discussion.

6.3.1 Quantitative Assessment of Microbial Community Composition by CARD-FISH

6.3.2 Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Composition of the Bacterial Community

6.3.2.1 Seawater-Dominant Fluids

6.3.2.2 Low-Temperature Shimmering

6.3.2.3 The Fluid Samples Collected at the SMT in 2005

6.3.3 Hydrothermal Habitats for Microbial and Macrofaunal Communities

6.4 Conclusions

Chapter 7: Development of Hydrothermal and Frictional Experimental Systems to Simulate Sub-seafloor Water-Rock-Microbe Interac...

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Hydrothermal Experimental Apparatus

7.2.1 Batch-Type Systems

7.2.1.1 Dickson-Type Autoclave

7.2.1.2 Batch Experiments to Investigate Amino Acid Reactions During Interactions of Sediments and Hydrothermal Solutions

7.2.2 Flow-Type Systems

7.2.2.1 Flow-Type Experimental System for Simulation of Water-Rock Interactions

7.2.2.2 Flow-Type Experimental System for Simulation of Microbial Ecosystems in a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent System

7.2.2.3 Supercritical Water Flow-Type System to Simulate Amino Acid Reactions

7.3 High-Velocity Friction Apparatus for Simulation of Faulting in an Earthquake-Driven Subsurface Biosphere

Chapter 8: Experimental Hydrogen Production in Hydrothermal and Fault Systems: Significance for Habitability of Subseafloor H2...

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Constraints on H2 Production During Experimental Hydrothermal Alteration of Ultramafic Rocks

8.3 Experimental H2 Generation During Komatiite Alteration: Simulation of an Archean Hydrothermal System

8.4 Mechanoradical H2 Generation During Simulated Faulting

8.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives

Chapter 9: Experimental Assessment of Microbial Effects on Chemical Interactions Between Seafloor Massive Sulfides and Seawate...

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Materials and Methods

9.2.1 Sample Collection

9.2.2 Experimental Medium

9.2.3 Batch Experiments

9.2.4 Chemical Analysis

9.2.5 16S rRNA Gene Clone Library Construction and Phylogenetic Analysis

9.2.6 Fluorescence Microscopy

9.2.7 Accession Numbers

9.3 Results and Discussion

9.3.1 Concentrations and Release/Removal Rates of Elements to/from the ASW Samples

9.3.2 Microbial Communities

9.3.3 Microbial Effects on Chemical Interaction on Sulfide Deposits

9.3.4 Conclusion and Perspective

Chapter 10: A Compilation of the Stable Isotopic Compositions of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur in Soft Body Parts of Animals Co...

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Materials and Methods

10.2.1 Geological Background of the Sample Materials

10.2.1.1 Okinawa Trough

10.2.1.2 Izu-Ogasawara Arc

10.2.1.3 Additional Hydrothermal Fields

10.2.1.4 Sagami and Kagoshima Bays and Kuroshima Knoll

10.2.1.5 Additional Methane Seep Fields

10.2.2 Animal, Sediment, and Fluid Sampling Procedures

10.2.3 Analytical Procedures

10.3 Analytical Results for Isotopic Composition

10.3.1 Isotopic Compositions of Animal Samples from Hydrothermal Fields

10.3.2 Isotopic Compositions of Animal Samples from Methane Seep Fields

10.3.3 Stable Isotopic Composition of the Issuing Fluids Associated with Animal Communities

10.3.3.1 Hydrogen Sulfide

10.3.3.2 Methane

10.4 Discussion

10.4.1 The Contribution of Thioautotrophic Nutrition to the Benthic Animal Community

10.4.2 Variations in the Carbon Isotopic Ratios of the Benthic Animal Community

10.4.3 Nitrogen Isotopic Ratios of Symbiotic Bivalves

10.4.4 Competition for Energy Sources and the Role of Filter Feeding by Bathymodiolus Mussels

10.5 Summary

Part II: Central Indian Ridge.

Chapter 11: Tectonic Background of Four Hydrothermal Fields Along the Central Indian Ridge

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Regional Setting

11.3 Data and Method

11.3.1 Rodriguez Triple Junction (RTJ) Area

11.3.2 Rodrigues Segment (RS) Area

11.4 Rodriguez Triple Junction (RTJ) Area

11.4.1 Morphology and Segmentation

11.4.2 Magnetics and Gravity

11.4.3 Kairei Hydrothermal Field and Surroundings

11.4.4 Tectonic Evolution and Hydrothermalism

11.5 Rodrigues Segment (RS) Area: CIR 18-20S

11.5.1 Morphology and Segmentation

11.5.2 Rock Geochemistry

11.5.3 Tectonic Background of Hydrothermal Fields

11.6 Summary

Chapter 12: Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Systems: Seafloor Hydrothermal Activities, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Hydr...

12.1 Introduction

12.2 The Four Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Vent Fields Studied in the TAIGA Project

12.2.1 Dodo Hydrothermal Field

12.2.2 Solitaire Hydrothermal Field

12.2.3 Edmond Hydrothermal Field

12.2.4 Kairei Hydrothermal Field

12.3 Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Hydrothermal Fluids

12.4 Biological Studies Conducted at the Four Hydrothermal Vent Fields

12.4.1 Microbial Communities and Microorganisms Isolated from the CIR Hydrothermal Systems

12.4.2 Hydrothermal Vent Fauna and Chemosynthetic Symbioses

12.5 Future Prospects

Chapter 13: Petrology and Geochemistry of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts from the Southern Central Indian Ridge

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Geological Background and Previous Studies

13.3 Petrology and Geochemistry of MORB Along the Southern CIR

13.3.1 Analytical Techniques

13.3.2 Major Element Chemistry

13.3.3 Trace Element Chemistry

13.4 Implications for the Source Mantle Beneath the Southern CIR

13.4.1 Petrogenetic Conditions

13.4.2 Mantle Source Compositions.

13.4.3 Distribution of Depleted and Enriched Mantle.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9784431548652

4431548653

OCLC:

1231610784