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Opportunities in the hydrologic sciences / Committee on Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences, Water Science and Technology Board, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council.
- Format:
- Book
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Hydrology--Vocational guidance.
- Hydrology.
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (xvii, 348 pages) : illustrations, maps
- Edition:
- 1st ed.
- Place of Publication:
- Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1991.
- Language Note:
- English
- Summary:
- Explains how the science of water historically has played second fiddle to its applications and how we must turn to the hydrologic sciences to solve some of the emerging problems. This book presents a blueprint for establishing hydrologic science among the geosciences and is useful for policymakers, research managers, and graduate students.
- Contents:
- Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences
- Copyright
- Foreword
- Preface
- THE PROBLEM
- A COURSE OF ACTION
- Contents
- Summary and Conclusions
- SYNOPSIS
- WATER AND LIFE
- EARTH'S HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
- A DISTINCT GEOSCIENCE
- Continental water processes
- Global water balance
- SOME UNSOLVED PROBLEMS
- DATA ISSUES
- EDUCATIONAL ISSUES
- Graduate Education in the Hydrologic Sciences
- Undergraduate Education in the Hydrologic Sciences
- Science Education from Kindergarten through High School
- SCIENTIFIC PRIORITIES
- Priority Categories of Scientific Opportunity (Unranked)
- Chemical and Biological Components of the Hydrologic Cycle
- Scaling of Dynamic Behavior
- Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions
- Coordinated Global-Scale Observation of Water Reservoirs and the Fluxes of Water and Energy
- Hydrologic Effects of Human Activity
- Data Requirements
- Maintenance of Continuous Long-Term Data Sets
- Improved Information Management
- Interpretation of Remote Sensing Data
- Dissemination of Data from Multidisciplinary Experiments
- Education Requirements
- Multidisciplinary Graduate Education Program
- Experience with Observation and Experimentation
- Visibility to Undergraduate Students
- RESOURCES AND STRATEGIES
- Resources
- Research Grant Programs
- Fellowships, Internships, and Instructional Equipment
- Coordinated Field Experiments
- Long-Term Observations
- Access to Data Bases
- Strategies
- CONCLUSION
- 1 Water and Life
- WONDROUS WATER
- Elixir of life
- Climatic thermostat
- Global heat exchanger
- ROUND AND ROUND AND ROUND IT GOES
- WATER AS ENABLER AND SUSTAINER OF CIVILIZATION
- Water and Agriculture
- Water and Climate Change
- Water and the City
- WATER AS A HAZARD
- Floods
- Droughts
- Toxicity
- WATER AS A RESOURCE TO BE MANAGED.
- History of Water Management in the United States
- Provision of Safe Drinking Water
- Contemporary Water Resources Management Problems
- Emerging Water-Related Problems
- SOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING
- 2 The Hydrologic Sciences
- THE UNIQUENESS OF WATER ON THE EARTH
- THE EARTH'S HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
- THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER ON THE EARTH
- EARLY SCIENTIFIC INSIGHTS
- THE AGE OF APPLICATIONS
- THE STRUGGLE FOR SCIENTIFIC RECOGNITION
- THE MODERN AGE OF HYDROLOGIC SCIENCE
- STATUS OF UNDERSTANDING
- Reservoirs and Fluxes of Water
- Flux of Sediments
- Flux of Dissolved Solids
- Involvement of Biota
- Summary
- HYDROLOGIC SCIENCE AS A DISTINCT GEOSCIENCE
- 3 Some Critical and Emerging Areas
- OVERVIEW
- HYDROLOGY AND THE EARTH'S CRUST
- Introduction
- Some Frontier Topics
- The Role of Ground Water in Tectonic Processes
- Fractured Geologic Media
- Spatial Variability and Stochastic Simulation
- Dealing with the Complexity of Reactive Solutes
- Contamination of Ground Water Flow Systems
- HYDROLOGY AND LANDFORMS
- Prediction of Landscape Evolution
- Development of Drainage Basins and Channel Networks
- Three-Dimensional Network Geometry and Hydrologic Basin Response
- Interpreting Records of Environmental Change
- HYDROLOGY AND CLIMATIC PROCESSES
- Diagnostic Study of the Global Water Balance
- Surface-Atmosphere Interaction
- HYDROLOGY AND WEATHER PROCESSES
- Land Surface-Atmosphere Interaction
- Models for Mesoscale Convective Systems and Applications to Flash Flooding
- Stochastic Modeling of Space-Time Variability in Rainfall
- HYDROLOGY AND SURFICIAL PROCESSES
- Some Frontier Topics.
- Characterization of Spatial Variability of Soil Properties and Its Relation to Infiltration
- Runoff Production by Precipitation
- River Basin Evaporation
- Surface and Subsurface Water in a Freezing Environment
- Hydrology of Snow-Covered Areas
- Evaporation from Large Water Bodies
- HYDROLOGY AND LIVING COMMUNITIES
- Physiological Explanation of Boundaries of Major Vegetation Formations
- Optimality Constraints on Vegetation Communities
- Microbial Transformations of Ground Water Contaminants
- HYDROLOGY AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- Effects of Acid Rain
- Precipitation Chemistry
- Snowpack Chemistry
- Fate of Acid Deposition in the Soil Environment
- Contaminant Fate and Transport
- Global Chemical Cycles
- HYDROLOGY AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
- Scaling and Multiscaling Invariance in Spatial Variability of Hydrologic Processes
- Stochastic-Dynamical Analysis of Hydrologic Time Series
- Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability of Hydrologic Phenomena
- Hydrology and the Earth's Crust
- Hydrology and Landforms
- Hydrology and Surficial Processes
- Hydrology and Living Communities
- Hydrology and Chemical Processes
- Hydrology and Applied Mathematics
- 4 Scientific Issues of Data Collection, Distribution, and Analysis
- NEED FOR COLLECTION OF HYDROLOGIC DATA AND SAMPLES
- Need to Collect Data at Varying Scales
- Need to Develop Accurate Hydrologic Data Bases to Improve Scientific Understanding
- Need to Collect Long-Term Hydrologic Data
- Understanding Hydrologic Behavior and Hydrologic Change
- Identifying Extreme Events
- Need to Collect Data Worldwide to Address Global Hydrologic Issues.
- Spatial and Temporal Issues in Hydrologic Problems
- Collection and Archiving of Selected Water Samples
- STATUS OF HYDROLOGIC DATA
- Availability of Hydrologic Measurements
- Fluxes and Reservoirs of Water, Solutes, and Sediment
- Rainfall
- Snow Accumulation and Ablation
- Surface Runoff
- Soil Moisture
- Subsurface Water below the Vadose Zone
- Evapotranspiration
- Fluxes of Energy
- Radiation
- Sensible and Latent Heat Exchange
- Surface and Subsurface Data
- Topography
- Land Cover
- Subsurface Information
- SOME OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE HYDROLOGIC DATA
- Coordinated Experiments
- Scientific Development and Achievements
- Frontiers and Challenges
- Remote Sensing
- Remote Sensing of Hydrologic Parameters
- Future Advances
- Opportunities for Effective Use of Current and Planned Sensors
- Remote Sensing below the Surface
- Isotope Geochemistry
- Paleohydrology and Long-Term Records
- Data Accessibility and Management
- Data Management in the First ISLSCP Field Experiment
- Data Storage and Access
- Issues to Resolve
- Challenges in Measuring Water Quality
- Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment
- Scientific Issues and Challenges
- Use of Biological Methods in Water Quality Analysis
- 5 Education in the Hydrologic Sciences
- GRADUATE EDUCATION IN THE HYDROLOGIC SCIENCES
- STRUCTURING THE GRADUATE PROGRAM
- UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION IN THE HYDROLOGIC SCIENCES
- SCIENCE EDUCATION FROM KINDERGARTEN THROUGH HIGH SCHOOL
- WOMEN AND ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE HYDROLOGIC SCIENCES
- 6 Scientific Priorities
- THE PROCESS
- 1. Expected contribution to scientific understanding
- 2. Support of a viable scientific infrastructure
- 3. Contribution to problem solving
- THE PREMISES.
- It is not possible to make rational priority judgments among very specific research questions.
- If the number of priority research areas is kept small, the list need not be ranked.
- In selecting the priority areas only the primary criterion should be used.
- The questions with the greatest potential for a contribution to understanding lie at the least-explored scales and in…
- Hydrologic science is currently data-limited.
- PRIORITY CATEGORIES OF SCIENTIFIC OPPORTUNITY (UNRANKED)
- Coordinated Global-scale Observation of Water Reservoirs and the Fluxes of Water and Energy
- DATA REQUIREMENTS
- Dissemination of Data from Coordinated Experiments
- EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS
- 7 Resources and Strategies
- RESOURCES
- Campaigns
- Base-Line Studies
- Observation of Transients
- STRATEGIES
- Appendixes
- A Funding for Research in the Hydrologic Sciences
- Background
- Summary of Information Provided
- Discussion
- B Profiles of the Hydrologic Community, 1960 and 1988
- Comment on Possible Bias
- C Contributors to the Report, Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences
- D Biographical Sketches of Committee Members
- Index.
- Notes:
- Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
- ISBN:
- 9786610212583
- 9781280212581
- 1280212586
- 9780309537407
- 0309537401
- 9780585153971
- 0585153973
- OCLC:
- 70730059
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