Comparative dosimetry of radon in mines and homes / Panel on Dosimetric Assumptions Affecting the Application of Radon Risk Estimates, Board on Radiation Effects Research, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Dosimetric Assumptions Affecting the Application of Radon Risk Estimates.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Radon--Measurement.

Radon.

Radiation dosimetry.

Indoor air pollution.

Mine safety.

Mineral industries.

Air Pollution, Indoor.

Mining.

Radiometry--methods.

Radon--analysis.

Safety.

Radiometry.

Medical Subjects:

Air Pollution, Indoor.

Mining.

Radiometry--methods.

Radon--analysis.

Safety.

Radiometry.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (256 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1991.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Studies of underground miners have provided a wealth of data about the risk of lung cancer from exposure to radon's progeny elements, but the application of the miner data to the home environment is not straightforward. In Comparative Dosimetry of Radon in Mines and Homes , an expert committee uses a new dosimetric model to extrapolate to the home environment the risk relationships found in the miner studies. Important new scaling factors are developed for applying risk estimates based on miner data to men, women, and children in domestic environments. The book includes discussions of radon dosimetry and the uncertainties concerning other risk factors such as age and smoking habits. The book also contains a thorough technical discussion of the characteristics of radioactive aerosols in domestic environments, the dose of inhaled radon progeny to different age groups, identification of respiratory tract cells at the greatest risk of carcinogenesis, and a complete description of the new lung dose model being developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection as modified by this committee.

Contents:

Comparative Dosimetry of Radon in Mines and Homes

Copyright

Preface

CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE

ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Contents

Summary and Recommendations

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

REFERENCES

1 Introduction

CONCENTRATION, EXPOSURE, AND DOSE

RISK ASSESSMENT FOR INDOOR RADON

SUMMARY

2 Assessment of Exposure to the Decay Products of 222Rn in Mines and Homes

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

MEASUREMENT METHODS

EXPOSURE TO RADON PROGENY

Mine Atmospheres

Indoor Atmospheres

3 Extrapolation of Doses and Risk per Unit Exposure from Mines to Homes

REPRESENTATIVE EXPOSURE CONDITIONS

Radon Progeny Aerosols

BREATHING RATES AND CALCULATION OF DOSE PER UNIT EXPOSURE

COMPARATIVE DOSES FROM RADON PROGENY IN MINES AND HOMES

Target Cells in Bronchial Epithelium

LOCALIZED VERSUS REGIONAL DOSES

INFLUENCE OF MODELING UNCERTAINTIES

DOSES TO ADULT FEMALES

DOSES TO CHILDREN AND INFANTS

VARIABILITY OF THE DOSE CONVERSION COEFFICIENT IN HOMES

EFFECTS OF AIRWAY DISEASE ON DOSE

COMPARATIVE DOSES FROM RADON AND THORON PROGENY

SUMMARY OF DOSIMETRIC RISK EXTRAPOLATION FACTORS

4 Other Considerations

BIOLOGICAL FACTORS

GENDER

AGE, GROWTH, AND INJURY IN RELATION TO CELL PROLIFERATION

AGE

CELL PROLIFERATION

DOSE RATE, FRACTIONATION, AND DURATION OF EXPOSURE

TISSUE DAMAGE

CIGARETTE SMOKING

5 Dosimetry and Dosimetric Models for Inhaled Radon and Progeny

SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RADON AND RADON PROGENY

MORPHOMETRIC MODELS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

HEAD AIRWAY MORPHOMETRY

TRACHEOBRONCHIAL AIRWAY MORPHOMETRY

RESPIRATORY AIRWAY MORPHOMETRY

DEPOSITION MODELS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT.

CLEARANCE MODELS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

DOSIMETRY MODELS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

6 Aerosols in Homes and Mines

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARTICLE SIZE AND DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT

Penetration of Aerosols Through a Tube

Deposition of Ultrafine Particles onto Wire Screens

MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR UNATTACHED FRACTION

Diffusion Sampler

Wire Screen Samplers

REVIEW OF PAST UNATTACHED FRACTION MEASUREMENTS IN MINE ATMOSPHERES

Diffusion Sampler Measurements

Wire Screen Measurements

Summary of Mining Exposure

INDOOR ATMOSPHERES

ACTIVITY-WEIGHTED SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS

Summary of Indoor Exposure

7 Breathing, Deposition, and Clearance

DEPOSITION OF RADON PROGENY: GENERAL PRINCIPLES

FACTORS ACTING TO DEPOSIT PARTICLES IN THE LUNGS

Diffusional

Gravitational

Inertia

Other Forces

Aerosol Characteristics

Breathing Pattern

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

CLEARANCE OF RADON PROGENY: GENERAL PRINCIPLES

Mucociliary Transport

Nonciliated Regions

Cough

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WORKERS AND THE PUBLIC

Anatomic Variations

Activity Level and Exercise

Oral Versus Nasal Breathing

OTHER MODIFYING FACTORS INFLUENCING DEPOSITION AND/OR CLEARANCE OF RADON PROGENY

Preexisting Disease

Smoking

OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF WORKERS AND THE PUBLIC

Occupancy Data

Ethnic Differences

Altitude

Species Differences

CONCLUSIONS

8 Cells of Origin for Lung Cancer

OVERVIEW

STRUCTURE OF THE LUNG

PATHOLOGY OF LUNG CANCER

BASIC CONCEPTS OF LUNG CANCER DEVELOPMENT

Multistep Process of Lung Cancer Development

Genetic and Chromosomal Alterations in Lung Cancer

CELLS FROM WHICH LUNG CANCERS DEVELOP.

TYPES AND INCIDENCE OF LUNG CANCER IN URANIUM MINERS

DISCUSSION

9 The Committee's Dosimetric Model for Radon and Thoron Progeny

DOSIMETRIC ASSUMPTIONS AND MODEL

CLEARANCE MODEL

DEPOSITION MODEL

NASAL AND ORAL FILTRATION

Definition of Exposure and Reference Breathing Rates

Contributions of Individual Radon Progeny to the WLM

Contributions of Individual Thoron Progeny to the WLM

Reference Breathing Rates

Exposure-Dose Conversion Coefficients

Influence of Aerosol Size, Clearance Behavior, and Target Cells

Influence of Exercise

Influence of Age and Gender

Influence of Airway Disease

Index.

Notes:

"Companion to Health risks of radon and other internally deposited alpha-emitters, BEIR IV"--Cover.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Other Format:

Print version: Staff, National Research Council. Comparative Dosimetry of Radon in Mines and Homes.

ISBN:

9786610203932

9781280203930

1280203935

9780309572330

0309572339

9780585084930

0585084939

OCLC:

70772069