The second fifty years : promoting health and preventing disability / Robert L. Berg and Joseph S. Cassells, editors ; Institute of Medicine, Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention.

Contributor:

Cassells, Joseph S.

Berg, Robert L., 1918-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Older people--Health and hygiene.

Older people.

Older people--Diseases--Prevention.

Older people--Services for--United States.

Medical policy--United States.

Medical policy.

Physical Description:

xiii, 332 p. : ill.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1992.

Summary:

Taking its title from the second 50 years of the human life span of about 100 years, this book presents wide-ranging and practical recommendations for health care providers, policymakers, and other sectors of society. These recommendations range from setting new national policies to changing the way elderly patients are interviewed in the doctor's office and from what exercises older persons should do to how city planners should design our urban environment. The bulk of this volume presents the latest research on 13 major health threats to the elderly, covering prevalence, impact on the older person's life, cost, and intervention. In addition, the authors provide a detailed analysis of why older people often do not receive the benefit of prevention programs.

Contents:

The Second Fifty Years

Copyright

Acknowledgment

Preface

Contents

Summary

GENERAL ISSUES OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISABILITY PREVENTION

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

High Blood Pressure

Medications

Infectious Diseases

Osteoporosis

Sensory Loss

Oral Health

Cancer Screening

Nutrition

Smoking

Depression

Physical Inactivity

Social Isolation

Falls

1 Introduction

REFERENCES

2 Disability Classification

DISABILITY AND THE DISEASE MODEL

CLASSIFYING DISABILITIES

3 High Blood Pressure

BURDEN

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

UTILITY OF SCREENING

EVIDENCE THAT TREATMENT IS BENEFICIAL

Evidence That Treatment of Systolic/Diastolic High Blood Pressure Is Beneficial

Evidence That Treatment of Isolated Systolic High Blood Pressure Is Beneficial

Impact of Treatment on Cerebrovascular Versus Coronary Heart Disease

Impact of the Treatment of High Blood Pressure on Total Mortality

Adverse Effects of Antihypertensive Therapy

NONPHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY

SUMMARY OF INTERVENTION DATA

COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT FOR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN PERSONS OVER 50

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDATIONS

Services

Clinical

Research

Policy

4 Medications

Prevalence

Costs

The Impairment/Disability/Handicap Sequence

PREVENTABILITY OF BURDEN

Education

Policymakers

5 Risk Factors for Infection in the Elderly

PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE

INFLUENZA

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

INFECTIONS IN LONG-TERM FACILITIES

OTHER INFECTIONS

6 Osteoporosis

BURDEN OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND FRACTURES

Morbidity

Mortality

Disability

DETERMINANTS OF FRACTURES

Bone Mass

Trauma.

PREVENTABILITY OF OSTEOPOROSIS

Peak Bone Mass

Hypogonadal Bone Loss

Age-related Bone Loss

Secondary Osteoporosis

Providers

The Public

APPENDIX

SINGLE-PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY

DUAL-PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY

DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY

QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

7 Preventing Disability Related to Sensory Loss in the Older Adult

DEFINITION AND PREVALENCE

ETIOLOGIC BREAKDOWN

Visual Impairments

Hearing Impairments

DISABILITIES ASSOCIATED WITH SENSORY LOSS

APPROACHES TO PREVENTION

Policymakers and Government Agencies

Professional Societies

Clinicians

8 Oral Health Problems in the "Second Fifty

Perioral Tissue and Oral Mucosal Tissue Pathologies and Oral Cancer

Caries

Periodontal Diseases

Other Oral Conditions

Tooth Loss

Oral Expressions of Medications, Systemic Conditions, and Diseases

Orofacial Pain

BURDEN PREVENTABILITY

Prevention of Oral Cancer

Prevention of Caries

Prevention of Gingivitis and Periodontitis

Prevention of Oral Pain

General Prevention

Public Policy

NOTE

9 Screening for Cancer

Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence

Impairment, Disability, Handicap, and Costs

Impairment

Handicap

Ecologic Considerations

Female Breast Cancer

Cancer of the Uterine Cervix

Cancer of the Colon and Rectum

Skin Cancer (Including Malignant Melanoma)

Screening for Other Cancers

DISCUSSION

Implementation of Screening

10 Nutrition

NUTRITION AND QUALITY OF LIFE

NUTRITION AND FUNCTION.

FUNCTIONAL INDICES OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS

DIETARY INDICES

ANTHROPOMETRY

PROGNOSTIC INDICATORS OF MORBIDITY OR MORTALITY

NUTRITIONAL RISK SCREENING INDICES

NUTRITION IN A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Hypercholesterolemia

Hypertriglyceridemia

Renal Disease-related Risks

Diabetes Mellitus

Weight Reduction

Physical Activity

Polypharmacy: Controlling Side Effects

Nutrition Fraud

Nutritional Support: Food Programs

11 Cigarette Smoking

PREVALENCE

EVIDENCE THAT SMOKING CESSATION IS BENEFICIAL

SMOKING CESSATION TECHNIQUES

PASSIVE SMOKING

Those Over the Age of 50

Public Health and Environmental Policymakers

Advocacy Groups

12 Depression

RISK FACTORS

REMEDIABILITY: OUTCOME OF TREATMENT

COSTS

SUICIDE

REIMBURSEMENT

RESEARCH AND THE FUTURE

Insurance Providers (Governmental and Private)

Clinicians (Particularly Primary Care Physicians)

Persons Over the Age of 50

13 Physical Inactivity

Impairment, Disability, and Handicap

PREVENTABILITY OF BURDEN: AVAILABILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONS

Individuals

The Community

Worksite

COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONS

14 Social Isolation Among Older Individuals The Relationship to Mortality and Morbidity

DEFINITION

Available Interventions

Effectiveness of Each Intervention.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Families

The Elderly

15 Falls in Older Persons Risk Factors and Prevention

THE HEALTH BURDEN OF FALLS AND FALL-RELATED INJURIES IN OLDER PERSONS

Fall-related Injuries

Frequency of Falls

DETERMINANTS OF FALLS: RISK FACTORS AND CAUSES

Intrinsic Risk Factors

Situational and Extrinsic Risk Factors

Environmental Factors

Determinants of Injury and Other Outcomes of Falls

Exercise and Physical Activity

Rehabilitative Therapies: Balance and Gait Training

Environmental and Behavioral Interventions

Frameworks for Multiple Risk Factor Interventions

Targeting Interventions

Education and Services

Other Areas

A Can Philosophy Cure What Ails the Medical Model?

CAN THE AMERICAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM COPE WITH SUCCESS?

CAN PHILOSOPHY CURE OUR AILING HEALTH CARE SYSTEM?

IF YOU ARE NOT SICK, ARE YOU HEALTHY?

THE DEFINITION OF DISEASE AND IMPAIRMENT: NORMATIVISM VERSUS NONNORMATIVISM

OBJECTIVITY AND VALUES IN THE DEFINITION OF HEALTH AND DISEASE

THE DEMEDICALIZATION OF CHRONIC ILLNESS AND DISABILITY

THE DEMEDICALIZATION OF HEALTH

B Looking for Order Health Promotion, Disability Prevention, and the Disability Classification System of the World Health...

THE GOAL OF HEALTH CARE

THE PHILOSOPHY OF HEALTH CARE

Index.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9786610203086

9781280203084

1280203080

9780309595285

0309595282

9780585026893

0585026890

OCLC:

923264871