Nutritional needs in hot environments : applications for military personnel in field operations / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Bernadette M. Marriott, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Marriott, Bernadette M.

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Military Nutrition Research.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Heat--Physiological effect.

Heat.

Nutrition.

Tropical medicine.

Medicine, Military.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (392 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1993.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This volume examines the current state of knowledge concerning the influence of a hot environment on nutrient requirements of military personnel. A parallel concern is ensuring that performance does not decline as a result of inadequate nutrition. The committee provides a thorough review of the literature in this area and interprets the diverse data in terms of military applications. In addition to a focus on specific nutrient needs in hot climates, the committee considers factors that might change food intake patterns and therefore overall calories. Although concern for adequate nutrition for U.S. soldiers in Saudi Arabia prompted the initiation of this project, its scope includes the nutrient needs of individuals who may be actively working in both hot-dry and hot-moist climates.

Contents:

NUTRITIONAL NEEDS IN HOT ENVIRONMENTS; Copyright; Preface; FOCUS OF THE REPORT; HISTORY OF THE COMMITTEE; COMMITTEE TASK AND PROCEDURES; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; REFERENCES; Contents; PART I Committee Summary and Recommendations; 1 Introduction and Background; THE COMMITTEE'S TASK; MILITARY RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES; History; Current MRDAs; PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES ARISING FROM EXERCISE AND HEAT; Exercise; Heat Stress; Gastrointestinal Functioning; CHANGES IN NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS FOR HOT ENVIRONMENTS; Fluid and Dehydration; Effect of Gender; Effect of Age; Effect on Electrolyte Balance; Summary

Sodium Levels for Work in the HeatMacronutrients; Protein; Energy; Vitamins; B Vitamins; Vitamin C; Fat-Soluble Vitamins; Summary; Minerals; Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride; Iodide, Chromium, and Selenium; Iron; Zinc; Magnesium and Copper; Calcium and Phosphorus; Summary; FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE EATING PATTERNS, FOOD PREFERENCES, ANDFOOD INTAKE IN HOT ENVIRONMENTS; Olfaction and Taste; Appetite; Thermoregulation; Thermogenic Effect of Food; Dehydration; Influence of Physique; Heat as a Stressor; Food Preferences in Hot Environments; Summary

SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES ON FOOD INTAKE DURING MILITARY OPERATIONSSituational Influences on Food Intake; Field ObservatiOns of Food Intake; Environmental Concerns; Dehydration and Constipation; Food Preferences; Social/Psychological Aspects of Eating; Nutrition Understanding; Summary; CONCLUSION; REFERENCES; 2 Conclusions and Recommendations; CONCLUSIONS; RECOMMENDATIONS; AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH; Future Research Needs; REFERENCES; PART II INVITED PRESENTATIONS; 3 Physiological Responses to Exercise in the Heat; INTRODUCTION; CORE TEMPERATURE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE; METABOLISM

Metabolic RateSKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM; Evaporative Heat Loss; SKIN BLOOD FLOW AND CIRCULATORY RESPONSES; SUMMARY; REFERENCES; 4 Effects of Exercise and Heat on Gastrointestinal Function; INTRODUCTION; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS; IMPORTANCE OF GI MANIFESTATIONS WITH EXERCISE-HEAT STRESS; GASTRIC EMPTYING; INTESTINAL ABSORPTION; PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT; REFERENCES; DISCUSSION; 5 Water Requirements During Exercise in the Heat; INTRODUCTION; DISTRIBUTION OF BODY WATER; AVENUES OF FLUID LOSS AND GAIN; DETERMINANTS OF SWEAT RATE; WATER REQUIREMENTS; Hot-Wet Versus Hot-Dry Environment

Exercise Intensity and TrainingHeat Acclimatization; Age and Gender; Prediction of Water Requirements; CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS; REFERENCES; DISCUSSION; 6 Energetics and Climate with Emphasis on Heat: A Historical Perspective; INTRODUCTION; EARLY APPRAISALS; ENERGY EXPENDITURE: SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE; ACCLIMATIZATION/ACCLIMATION; APPETITE; RESTING METABOLISM/DIETARY-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS; DIETARY DEFICIENCIES; A PERSPECTIVE; REFERENCES; 7 The Effect of Exercise and Heat on Mineral Metabolism and Requirements; INTRODUCTION

EFFECTS OF EXERCISE AND HEAT ON IODINE, CHROMIUM, AND SELENIUM METABOLISM

Notes:

"Nutritional needs in hot environments-- a select bibliography": p. 329-351.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-280-21139-3

9786610211395

0-309-59817-6

0-585-15409-0

OCLC:

830028453