Advancing materials research / National Academy of Engineering, National Academy of Sciences, with the participation of the National Materials Advisory Board and the Solid State Sciences Committee of the National Research Council ; Peter A. Psaras and H. Dale Langford, editors ; foreword by Frederick Seitz.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Academy of Engineering Staff, Corporate Author.

Contributor:

National Academy of Engineering.

National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)

Psaras, Peter A.

Langford, H. Dale.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Materials--Research--Congresses.

Materials.

Materials--Research.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (407 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1987.

Language Note:

English

Contents:

ADVANCING MATERIALS RESEARCH

Copyright

Contents

Foreword

Preface and Acknowledgments

Part 1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

Advances in Materials Research and Development

ORIGINS OF NATIONWIDE SOLID-STATE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

ISSUES EVOLVING FROM ENLARGED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY

RECOGNITION OF NEW FRONTIERS

ARRANGEMENTS FOR ONGOING ADVANCES

SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES IN ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR STATE CHANGES

PATTERNS FOR FURTHER ACTION-EXTENSIONS OF EARLY INITIATIVE

NOTES

APPENDIX COORDINATING MATERIALS RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES

Materials Research Laboratories: The Early Years

THE SCIENTIFIC SETTING

THE PROGRAM TAKES SHAPE

ASSESSING THE EXPERIENCE

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Materials Research Laboratories: Reviewing the First Twenty-Five Years

INTERDISCIPLINARY LABORATORIES

TRANSFER OF IDLs TO NSF

THRUST GROUPS

SUMMARY OF MRL ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Part 2 THE STATUS OF SELECTED SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AREAS

Progress and Prospects in Metallurgical Research

PROCESSING

Steel Refining

Controlled Rolling of Steel

Rapid Solidification Processing

Ion Implantation and Beam Processing

Single-Crystal Processing

MICROSTRUCTURAL REFINEMENT

Strength and Toughness

Superplasticity

Nanocrystalline Metals

Modulated Structures

SOME SPECIAL METALLIC SYSTEMS FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES

Ductile Ordered Alloys

Metal-Matrix Composites

METALS AS NONSTRUCTURAL MATERIALS

Metallic Films and Metallization of Integrated Circuits

Magnetic Alloys

PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nucleation

Martensitic Growth

Transformation Plasticity and Toughening

Displacive-Diffusional Transformations

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metals

DISLOCATIONS

Elastic Theory

Lattice Theory.

Grain Boundaries, Interfaces, and Partial Dislocations

Problem Areas

CRACKS

J Integral

Screening

PROPERTIES OF COMPLEX ALLOYS

Flow

Ductile Fracture

Brittle Fracture

Alloy Design

IMPURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

Impurities

Hydrogen Embrittlement

Stress Corrosion Cracking

FUTURE PROSPECTS

Dislocations and Cracks

Structural Materials

New Materials

SUMMARY

Condensed-Matter Physics and Materials Research

HEAVY-ELECTRON COMPOUNDS

THE QUANTIZED HALL EFFECT

NOVEL FORMS OF STRUCTURAL ORDER

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION IN ULTRASMALL STRUCTURES AND QUANTUM INTERFERENCE EFFECTS IN DISORDERED ELECTRON SYSTEMS

Quasi-Periodic Crystals: A Revolution in Crystallography

CLASSICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY

FERMENT IN RELATED FIELDS

RAPID SOLIDIFICATION AND METASTABLE PHASES

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY ON THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

New and Artificially Structured Electronic and Magnetic Materials

BULK MATERIALS

ARTIFICIALLY STRUCTURED MATERIALS

OBSTACLES AND ROUTES TO FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

CONCLUSIONS

Materials Research in Catalysis

METAL CATALYSTS

Chemisorption Measurements of Metal Dispersion

Characterization of Metal Catalysts by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to Metal Catalysts

BIMETALLIC CATALYSTS

Metal Alloys as Catalysts

Bimetallic Aggregates of Immiscible Components

Bimetallic Clusters

OTHER CATALYTIC MATERIALS

The Role of Chemistry in Materials Science

THE CURRENT ROLE OF CHEMISTRY IN MATERIALS SCIENCE

Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Composites

Organosilicon Chemistry

PROBLEMS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE ANDPOTENTIAL SOLUTIONS THROUGH CHEMISTRY.

Multilayer Substrates for Electronics

High-Performance Composite Structures

New Electronic Materials

Polymeric Precursors to Ceramics

Materials in Energy Conversion

NEW MATERIALS, PROCESSES, ANDSTRATEGIES FROM MOLECULAR SCIENCE

RELEVANCE OF BASIC CHEMICAL RESEARCH TOMATERIALS SCIENCE

BIOLOGY: A STIMULUS TO CHEMISTRY ANDMATERIALS SCIENCE

Advanced Ceramics

CERAMICS AND CHEMISTRY: CERAMIC SYNTHESIS

CERAMICS AND METALLURGY: METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES

CERAMICS AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING: TOUGHSTRUCTURAL CERAMICS

CERAMICS AND MEDICINE: PROSTHETICS

CERAMICS AND PHYSICS: ELECTRONIC ANDPHOTONICS COMPONENTS

THE FUTURE

Organic Polymers

MORPHOLOGY AND PROPERTIES

Crystalline Polymers

Amorphous Polymers

CURRENT APPLICATIONS

Piezoelectric Polymers

Polymer Precursors for Ceramics

Silicon Chip Technology

Implants in the Human Body

MAJOR NEW APPLICATION THRUSTS

Blends: Block Copolymers and Polymer Alloys

Composites

POLYMER SCIENCE

New Ways of Looking at Surfaces

SURFACE THEORY

Total Energies

Experimental Probes

Kinetics

Interfaces

SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE

SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS

Techniques

Results

ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPIES

Synchrotron Radiation Experiments

Laboratory Sources

VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY OF THE CRYSTAL SURFACES

LASER-SURFACE INTERACTION

Materials Synthesis and Processing

STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES

GLASS-CERAMIC MATERIALS

GEL-DERIVED, CONTROLLED-POROSITY MATERIALS:ANTIREFLECTIVE COATINGS

Part 3 CURRENT TOPICS IN MATERIALS RESEARCH

Ensuring Contributions to Materials Science from Small-, Intermediate-, and Large-Scale Science

INTRODUCTION.

PROBLEMS FACING SMALL-SCIENCE RESEARCH IN MATERIALS

BASIC RESEARCH SUPPORTED BY MISSION AGENCIES

THE TWO DOMAINS OF MATERIALS SCIENCE

NEW DEMANDS ON MATERIALS SCIENCE

Perspectives on Facilities and Instrumentation for Materials Research

INTRODUCTION

LARGE-SCALE FACILITIES FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH

NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO FACILITIES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH

INSTRUMENTATION FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH

Materials Research and the Corporate Sector

AN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY VIEWPOINT OF MATERIALS RESEARCH

ELECTRONIC AND INFORMATION MATERIALS

STRUCTURES PLASTICS AND FIBER-REINFORCEDPLASTIC COMPONENTS

CERAMICS

NONEQUILIBRIUM MATERIALS: RAPIDSOLIDIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY AND NEAR NET-SHAPEFABRICATION PROCESSING

SURFACE-MODIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

MATERIALS FOR THE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

MATERIALS SCIENCE RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY

MATERIALS AND THE INFORMATION AGE

INNOVATION IN COMPLEX TECHNOLOGIES

CHALLENGES TO MATERIALS SCIENCE ANDENGINEERING IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE CHALLENGES

BEYOND THE INFORMATION AGE

Contributors

Index.

Notes:

Based on presentations and discussions from a symposium held in Washington, D.C., 28-29 Oct. 1985.

Includes bibliographies and index.

ISBN:

1-280-22189-5

9786610221899

0-309-56404-2

OCLC:

133162008