Haze in the Grand Canyon : an evaluation of the winter haze intensive tracer experiment / Committee on Haze in National Parks and Wilderness Areas, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Duce, Robert A., 1935-

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Haze in National Parks and Wilderness Areas.

National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology.

National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate.

National Research Council (U.S.). Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Air--Pollution--Arizona--Grand Canyon National Park.

Air.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (x, 97 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1990.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This book presents working principles for assessing the relative importance of anthropogenic emission sources that contribute to haze in U.S. national parks and wilderness areas and discusses various alternative source control methods. Haze in the Grand Canyon evaluates and recommends strategies for improving critical scientific and technical gaps in the information and databases on haze. It examines such topics as methods for determining individual source contributions, regional and seasonal factors that affect haze, strategies for improving air quality models, the interactive role of photochemical exodants, and scientific and technological considerations in choosing emission control measures.

Contents:

Haze in the Grand Canyon

Copyright

Preface

Contents

Executive Summary

BACKGROUND

THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STUDY

QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT

QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT

ESTIMATES OF THE RANGE OF POSSIBLE IMPACTS FROM NGS

THE COMMITTEE'S CONCLUSIONS IN PERSPECTIVE

Haze in the Grand Canyon

Haze in the Grand Canyon: An Evaluation of the Winter Haze Intensive Tracer Experiment

THE NRC COMMITTEE STUDY

The Committee, Its Charge, and Its Approach

The Committee's Specific Interpretation of Its Charge

EVALUATION OF WHITEX

Whitex Overview

WHITEX SOURCE-ATTRIBUTION MODELS

CRITICAL ASPECTS OF WHITEX TECHNIQUES AND DESIGN

Qualitative Assessment

Meteorological Evidence

Photographic Evidence

Chemical and Physical Evidence

Quantitative Assessment

LIMITATIONS OF THE WHITEX STUDY

Weaknesses in the Data Base

Uncertainties about Tracer Data

Absence of Measurements within the Grand Canyon

Inadequacy of Background Measurements

Departures from Statistical Assumptions

Formulation of Statistical Models

Simplifications in the DMB Model

Potential Covariance of NGS and Other Source Contributions

Estimates of the Range of Possible Impacts of NGS Emissions at Hopi Point

Minimum Conversion of SO2 to

Maximum Conversion of SO2 to

CONCLUSIONS

References

Appendices

Appendix 1: Nature of the Visibility Problem

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Overview

1.2 Background

1.3 Study Plan

1.4 Interrelationships Between Aerosol, Optical and Visibility Apportionment

1.5 Measurement Program

1.6 Report Outline

Chapter 9 Conclusions

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Climatology of the Area

9.3 Light Extinction Budget

9.4 Attribution of Regional Sulfur and Visibility Impairment.

9.4.1 Emissions Analysis

9.4.2 Trajectory and Streakline Analysis

9.4.3 Spatial and Temporal Trends in Ambient Concentrations

9.4.4 Deterministic Wind Field Modeling

9.4.5 Tracer Mass Balance Regression (TMBR) Analysis

9.4.6 Differential Mass Balance (DMB) Analysis

9.4.7 Attribution of Visibility

9.4.8 Synthesis

3.2 CD4 Tracer Injection

3.3 Sample Collection

Chemical Mass Balance With Unique Tracer

Appendix 6B: Tracer Mass Balance Model Regression (TMBR) Model and Tracer Mass Balance (TMB) Model

OVERVIEW

MODEL EQUATIONS

MODEL CALCULATIONS AND UNCERTAINTIES

Model Assumptions

Potential Deviations From Assumptions

Effect of Nonconstant Regression Coefficients In The TMB Model

MODEL INPUTS

MODEL OUTPUTS

Appendix 3: CD4 As An Air-Mass Tracer

Appendix 4: Commission On Physical Sciences, Mathematics, And Resources

STAFF.

Notes:

Committee chairman: Robert A. Duce.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9786610211913

9781280211911

1280211911

9780309596084

0309596084

OCLC:

70772909