Diagnosis and control of Johne's disease / Committee on Diagnosis and Control of Johne's Disease, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Diagnosis and Control of Johne's Disease.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Paratuberculosis--Prevention.

Paratuberculosis.

Paratuberculosis--Treatment.

Sheep--Diseases--Prevention.

Sheep.

Sheep--Diseases--Treatment.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (243 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, DC ; [Great Britain] : National Academies Press, c2003.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Johne's Disease is a chronic, progressive intestinal disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) that affects primarily ruminant animals. In recent decades there has been growing concern over the lack of effective control of this disease and questions have arisen regarding the possibility that Map infection could be a cause of some cases of Crohn's disease in humans. This report presents a broad outline of the steps that should be taken to control Johne's disease, reduce the spread of Map, and minimize effects of the disease in animals. The report also describes the weaknesses of our current research agenda and provides recommendations for a new research strategy to resolve the question of whether there is a link between Johne's and Crohn's diseases.

Contents:

DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF JOHNE'S DISEASE

Copyright

Acknowledgments

Preface

Contents

Executive Summary

THE TASK

CONCLUSIONS

DISEASE CONTROL

EDUCATION AND TRAINING

RESEARCH

Epidemiology of Map Infection and JD

Diagnostics and Immunology

Map Genome Studies

Vaccine Development

Human and Animal Health Issues

1 Introduction

THE COMMITTEE'S TASK

2 Johne's Disease in Domesticated and Wild Animals

SPECTRUM OF DISEASE IN DOMESTICATED ANIMALS

Cattle

Stage I: Silent Infection

Stage II: Subclinical Disease

Stage III: Clinical Disease

Stage IV: Advanced Clinical Disease

Sheep and Goats

SPECTRUM OF DISEASE IN OTHER ANIMALS

PATHOLOGY

Lesions of Subclinical Infection

Lesions of Clinical Infection

Sheep

Goats

Exotic Ruminants

Non-ruminant Species

Primates

Rabbits

Other Species

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Global Prevalence in Domesticated Animals

Prevalence in Wildlife and Zoo Animals

MODES OF TRANSMISSION

Fecal-Oral Transmission

Congenital Transmission

Lactation Transmission

Cross-Species Transmission

Sanitation

Environmental Factors

Water

Soil Characteristics

Pasteurization

PATHOGENESIS IN CATTLE

Age-Related Susceptibility

Genetic Susceptibility

Immune Response

Sequencing of the Map Genome

3 Diagnostics

TESTING OF DOMESTICATED ANIMALS

Bacteriologic Culture

Decontamination of Specimens

Concentration of Map from Specimens

Conventional Culture for Map

Automated Culture

Radiometric Systems

Nonradiometric Systems

Pooled Fecal Culture

Sensitivity of Fecal Culture

Immunologic Tests

Detecting the Cell-Mediated Response

Skin Testing

Lymphocyte Blastogenesis and Transformation

Gamma Interferon

Serologic Tests to Detect the Humoral Response

Complement Fixation Test.

Agar Gel Immunodiffusion

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Test Result Measures

Fixed-Decision Thresholds or Cutoffs

Information Cost and Degree of Result Categorization

Likelihood Ratios and ROC Curves

MOLECULAR METHODS

IS900

Molecular Strain Typing

EPIDEMIOLOGIC TOOLS

Test Protocol Standardization

Laboratory Proficiency Evaluation

4 Control Principles and Programs

CONTROL PRINCIPLES

Environmental Factors in Infection Control Practices

Producer Awareness and Adoption of Biosecurity Practices and Control Measures

Control Programs with a Single-Agent Focus

Vaccination

Herd-Level Control

Dairy Herds

Beef Herds

Sheep Flocks

Goat Herds

Zoos and Game Farms

CURRENT CONTROL PROGRAMS

National Programs

NJWG and Control Plans

NJWG 1998 Program

USDA 2002 Program

Test-Positive Component

Test-Negative Component

Laboratory Approval

NMPF 2002 Proposal

State Programs

New York

Pennsylvania

Wisconsin

Non-U.S. Programs

PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION

5 Economic Implications of Johne's Disease

TRADE

Interstate Trade

International Trade

Impacts

6 Johne's Disease and Crohn's Disease

CROHN'S DISEASE

Etiology of Crohn's Disease

Epidemiology of Crohn's Disease

IMPLICATIONS OF THE LINK

Map and Human Disease

Map and Crohn's Disease

Comparison of Johne's Disease and Crohn's Disease

Evidence Required to Support a Cause-and-Effect Relationship

7 Conclusions and Recommendations

CONTROL PROGRAMS

National and International Control Programs

CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS

EDUCATION AND TRAINING RECOMMENDATIONS

RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS

Epidemiology of Map Infection and Johne's Disease

Human and Animal Health

References.

Appendix A INTERPRETATION OF DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS

ESTABLISHING AND COMPARING TEST PERFORMANCE

Appendix B USAHA VOLUNTARY JOHNE'S DISEASE HERD STATUS PROGRAM FOR CATTLE

PREFACE

DEFINITIONS

PROGRAM PROTOCOL

Confidentiality

Entry to the Program

Standard Track

Fast Track

Previously Infected Herds

Johne's Disease Vaccinated Herds

Herds Tested Negative Prior to Implementation of this Program

Animals to Test

Maintaining a Status Level

Testing Intervals

BIOSECURITY

PROGRAM LEVELS

HERD ADDITIONS

CHANGES IN HERD STATUS

APPEAL PROCESS

APPENDIX I Herd Subset Sampling

APPENDIX II Voluntary Johne's Disease Herd Status Program Standard Track

Voluntary Johne's Disease Herd Status Program Fast Track

Voluntary Johne's Disease Herd Status Program Key to chart-Definition of tests

Appendix C USDA/APHIS DRAFT JOHNE'S DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAM

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

Part I: Definitions and Abbreviations

PART II. ADMINISTRATION

1. Designated Johne's Disease Coordinator (DJC)

A. General

B. Qualifications

C. Responsibilities

2. State Johne's Disease Group

B. Recommended members

3. Johne's Certified Veterinarians

B. Qualifications.

PART III. PROGRAM ELEMENTS AND PROCEDURES

1. Education

B. Requirements

2. Management

B. Risk assessment

C. Herd management plan

D. Renewal

Herd Testing and Classification

B. Requirements for entrance

C. Test-positive component (Control and Testing)

D. Test-negative component (Herd Status)

PART IV. LABORATORY PROCEDURES

1. Approved Laboratories

B. Approval process for laboratories performing official Johne's disease tests.

C. Approval process for laboratories performing screening tests (serology tests)

2. Approved Program Tests

A. Official Johne's disease tests

B. Screening test

About the Authors

Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

POLICY AND RESOURCES

NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS SERIES AND RELATED TITLES.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9786610183067

9780309168441

0309168449

9781280183065

1280183063

9780309566414

030956641X

OCLC:

56994534