Caffeine for the sustainment of mental task performance : formulations for military operations.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Institute of Medicine (U.S.) Committee on Military Nutrition Research., Corporate Author.

Contributor:

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Military Nutrition Research.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Caffeine--Physiological effect.

Caffeine.

Nootropic agents.

Cognition--Effect of drugs on.

Cognition.

Soldiers--Health and hygiene--United States.

Soldiers.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (171 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, c2001.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This report from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviews the history of caffeine usage, the metabolism of caffeine, and its physiological effects. The effects of caffeine on physical performance, cognitive function and alertness, and alleviation of sleep deprivation impairments are discussed in light of recent scientific literature. The impact of caffeine consumption on various aspects of health, including cardiovascular disease, reproduction, bone mineral density, and fluid homeostasis are reviewed. The behavioral effects of caffeine are also discussed, including the effect of caffeine on reaction to stress, withdrawal effects, and detrimental effects of high intakes. The amounts of caffeine found to enhance vigilance and reaction time consistently are reviewed and recommendations are made with respect to amounts of caffeine appropriate for maintaining alertness of military personnel during field operations. Recommendations are also provided on the need for appropriate labeling of caffeine-containing supplements, and education of military personnel on the use of these supplements. A brief review of some alternatives to caffeine is also provided.

Contents:

Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance

Copyright

Preface

HISTORY OF THE COMMITTEE

ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Contents

Executive Summary

BACKGROUND

THE COMMITTEE'S TASK

METHODS

CAFFEINE USE

CAFFEINE METABOLISM

Pharmacology

Physiology

RESPONSE TO MILITARY QUESTIONS

Conclusions

Recommendations

Potential Health Risks

Hypertension

Heart Disease

Reproduction

Osteoporosis

Fluid Homeostasis

Behavioral Effects

Physical Dependence and Withdrawal

Caffeine and Stress

Alternatives

Combination of Caffeine and Naps

Amphetamine

Modafinil

1 Basic Concepts

MILITARY INTEREST IN CAFFEINE

Previous Committee on Military Nutrition Research Recommendations

The Current Situation

HISTORY OF CAFFEINE USE

Caffeine Content of Common Food Sources

Caffeine Intake of Adults

2 Pharmacology of Caffeine

ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND METABOLISM

FACTORS AFFECTING CAFFEINE METABOLISM

PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

Caffeine and Adenosine Receptors

Caffeine and Phosphodiesterase

Caffeine and Calcium Mobilization

Caffeine and Benzodiazepine Receptors

General Effects of Caffeine on Physiological Functions

SUMMARY

3 Efficacy of Caffeine

PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE

Carbohydrate-Caffeine Mixtures

Other Effects on Physical Performance

COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND ALERTNESS

COMPENSATION OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION IMPAIRMENTS

Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Behavior

Restoration of Sleep Deprivation-Induced Cognitive Deficits with Sleep

Restoration of Sleep Deprivation-Induced Cognitive Deficits with Caffeine.

Restoration of Sleep Deprivation-Induced Cognitive Deficits with a Combination of Caffeine and Naps

4 Safety of Caffeine Usage

CAFFEINE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK

CAFFEINE EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTION

CAFFEINE EFFECTS ON BONE MINERAL DENSITY

CAFFEINE EFFECTS ON FLUID HOMEOSTASIS

DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF HIGH DOSES OF CAFFEINE

Effects of Caffeine in the Context of Stress

Risks of Caffeine in Combination with Ephedrine and Other Stimulants

5 Doses and Delivery Mechanisms

OPTIMUM CAFFEINE DOSAGE

Physical Performance

Cognitive Performance

CAFFEINE DELIVERY MECHANISMS

6 Special Considerations

EDUCATION AND TRAINING ISSUES

LABELING

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

ALTERNATIVES TO CAFFEINE FOR MAINTENANCE OF COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE

Naps

Pemoline

7 Response to Military Questions, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Cardiovascular Disease

ADDITIONAL RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS

References

Appendixes

A Workshop Agenda and Abstracts

Workshop Abstracts

GENERAL OVERVIEW OF MILITARY INTEREST AND RESEARCH ON ROLE OF CAFFEINE IN PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE

CAFFEINE AND MUSCLE METABOLISM DURING PROLONGED EXERCISE

EFFECT OF CAFFEINE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND ALERTNESS

CAFFEINE AND SENTRY DUTY PERFORMANCE

Conclusions.

EYELID MOVEMENT AS A PHYSIOLOGICAL PREDICTOR OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT DURING SLEEP DEPRIVATION

CIRCADIAN AND SLEEP HOMEOSTATIC MODULATION OF SLEEP AND PERFORMANCE

CAFFEINE EFFECTS DURING SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND RECOVERY

Objective

Methods

Results

CIRCADIAN AND HOMEOSTATIC INTERACTIONS IN WAKING NEUROBEHAVIORAL FUNCTIONS DURING PARTIAL AND TOTAL SLEEP DEPRIVATION:…

CAFFEINE RESEARCH IN THE NAVY

CAFFEINE AS A MODEL DRUG OF ABUSE

CAFFEINE PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF CAFFEINE ABSTINENCE

Implications of Caffeine Physical Dependence for Performance Assessment

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE OR NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE WITHDRAWAL

Abstract

Introduction

Method

Participants

Discussion

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

PHARMACOLOGY OF CAFFEINE

DESIGN OF A FOOD MATRIX FOR THE DELIVERY OF PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING COMPONENTS

CAFFEINE AND CARBOHYDRATE SUPPLEMENTS FOR PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE

COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE VERSUS AMPHETAMINE FOLLOWING SLEEP DEPRIVATION

USE OF AMPHETAMINE TO COUNTERACT SLEEP DEPRIVATION IN AVIATORS

EFFECT OF NAPS AND CAFFEINE ON ALERTNESS DURING SLEEP LOSS AND NOCTURNAL WORK PERIODS

B Previous Recommendations on Caffeine from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research

CAFFEINE

COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING FOOD COMPONENTS PROPOSED BY THE ARMY

C Biographical Sketches

COMMITTEE

SPEAKERS.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-112).

ISBN:

9786610210077

9780309170307

0309170303

9781280210075

1280210079

9780309565943

0309565944

OCLC:

559607826