Mortality of veteran participants in the crossroads nuclear test / J. Christopher Johnson ... [et al.] ; with oversight from the Institute of Medicine, Committee on the Crossroads Nuclear Test.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Johnson, J. Christopher.

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on the Crossroads Nuclear Test.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Operation Crossroads, Marshall Islands, 1946--Health aspects.

Operation Crossroads, Marshall Islands, 1946.

Radioactive fallout--Health aspects.

Radioactive fallout.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (159 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1996.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

In 1946, approximately 40,000 U.S. military personnel participated in Operation CROSSROADS, an atmospheric nuclear test that took place at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Congress passed a law directing the Veterans Administration to determine whether there were any long-term adverse health effects associated with exposure to ionizing radiation from the detonation of nuclear devices. This book contains the results of an extensive epidemiological study of the mortality of participants compared with a similar group of nonparticipants. Topics of discussion include a breakdown of the study rationale; an overview of other studies of veteran participants in nuclear tests; and descriptions of Operation CROSSROADS, data sources for the study, participant and comparison cohorts, exposure details, mortality ascertainment, and findings and conclusions.

Contents:

Mortality of Veteran Participants in the Crossroads Nuclear Test

Copyright

Preface

Acknowledgments

Glossary and Acronyms

Contents

Summary

1 Study Rationale and Overview

RATIONALE

OVERVIEW

2 Other Studies of the Human Health Effects of Radiation Exposure

3 Epidemiology Primer

CHOICE OF COMPARISON GROUP

FINE TUNING OF EXPOSED GROUP

CONFOUNDERS

DATA COLLECTION

INTERPRETING DATA FINDINGS

EPIDEMIOLOGY SUMMARY RELATED TO THIS STUDY

4 Description of Operation Crossroads

5 Data Sources for the Crossroads Study

6 The Participant Cohort

INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION OF PARTICIPANT COHORT

EXCLUSION OF "POST-CROSSROADS" PARTICIPANTS

CROSSROADS PARTICIPANTS WHO PARTICIPATED IN OTHER NUCLEAR TESTS

PRIMARY ANALYSIS-NAVY PERSONNEL ONLY

EXCLUSIVITY OF PARTICIPANT AND COMPARISON COHORTS

7 The Comparison Cohort

COMPARISON COHORT SELECTION

Navy and Shipboard Marines

Army and Army Air Corps

MILITARY PERSONNEL RECORDS

ADDITIONAL CONTROLS

8 Exposure Definition, Measurement, and Verification

INTRODUCTION

DOSIMETRY BACKGROUND

Definition of Potential Surrogate Dose Groups

DNA-Provided Dose Estimates

Overall

Alternatives

PARTICIPANT VERSUS NONPARTICIPANT COHORTS AS AN EXPOSURE SURROGATE

BOARDERS VERSUS NONBOARDING PARTICIPANTS VERSUS NONPARTICIPANTS AS EXPOSURE SURROGATES

ENGINEERING &amp

HULL VERSUS OTHER SPECIALTY STATUS AS AN EXPOSURE SURROGATE

RELATIONSHIPS OF SURROGATES WITH DNA DOSE DATA

DECISIONS FOR THE ANALYSES IN THIS REPORT

9 Mortality Ascertainment

PROCEDURE

Vital Status Ascertainment

Cause and Date-of-Death Ascertainment

SUMMARY OF MORTALITY ASCERTAINMENT QUALITY AND ITS POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON VALID INTERPRETATION OF THE...

10 Characterization of the Cohorts and Analysis Plan

DATA DECISIONS TAKEN BEFORE ANALYSIS.

Restricting Data Elements or Sample Definition

Data Cleaning and Variable Development

UNIVARIATE DESCRIPTIONS OF STUDY POPULATION

MISSING DATA

Imputation of Fact and Date of Death

Imputation of Date of Birth

COMPLETENESS OF VITAL STATUS ASCERTAINMENT

MORTALITY COMPARISONS

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES

Cox Proportional Hazards Model

Standardized Mortality Ratios

ANALYSIS OF ARMY (INCLUDING ARMY AIR CORPS) AND MARINE DATA

NOT THE SUBJECT OF ANALYSIS IN THIS REPORT

11 Findings and Discussion

ORGANIZATION

FINDINGS: DISPLAYED IN TABLES

NARRATIVE SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

Participant Status

Boarder Status/Hypothesized Exposure Gradient

Engineering &amp

Hull Status/Hypothesized Exposure Surrogate

FINDINGS FOR MARINES AND ARMY (INCLUDING ARMY AIR CORPS) PERSONNEL

DISCUSSION

Boarders

Hull

Discussion of Other Findings

Other Models and Parameters Considered During Analysis

STANDARDIZED MORTALITY RATIOS

DISCUSSION RRELATING THESE FINDINGS TO THOSE OF SIMILAR STUDIES

Findings in Other Studies of Atomic Veterans

Selection Bias as an Explanation for Increased Participant All-Cause Mortality

AVENUES OF FURTHER EXPLORATION

12 Conclusions

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

References

A National Association of Atomic Veterans (NAAV) Medical Survey

B Participant Description (DNA Memorandum dated July 11, 1994)

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Background

Operational Period and Operational Area

SOURCES OF PARTICIPANT INFORMATION

TRACKING OF PARTICIPANTS

REFINEMENT OF THE INITIAL DATA BASE

PARTICIPATION DATES AND DOSE RECONSTRUCTING

DOSE RECONSTRUCTION

ENGINEER RATINGS

SOURCE CODES

PARTICIPATING UNIT/PERMANENT UNIT DATA

COMMANDER JOINT TASK FORCE (CJTF-1) MEDICAL RESEARCH PERSONNEL, BOARDING TEAM AND RADSAFE TEAMS.

C Standardized Mortality Ratios

D Radiation Doses for CROSSROADS Participants and Exposure Surrogate Groups

E Verification of Completeness and Accuracy of the Participant Roster

METHODOLOGY

Comparison to Previous Versions of the Participant Roster

Comparison of Participant Roster to National Association of Atomic Veterans (NAAV) Mortality Study List

Comparison of DNA Participant Roster to a List of Participants Solicited through Veterans' Journals

Individual Follow-Up on Putative Participants of Uncertain Status

RESULTS

Comparison with an Earlier Version of the Participant Roster

Comparison with the NAAV Medical Survey

Comparison with the Write-in List

Follow-Up on Putative Participants of Uncertain Status

CONCLUSION

F Verification of Completeness and Accuracy of Mortality Ascertainment

ASSESSMENT OF COMPLETENESS

Completeness of Mortality Follow-Up

ASSESSMENT OF VALIDITY

Mortality Ascertainment

HCFA

NDI

EXTERNAL VALIDATION DISCUSSION

Mortality Information

Cause-of-Death Information.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9786610192090

9780309175173

0309175178

9781280192098

1280192097

9780309589772

0309589770

9780585148953

0585148953

OCLC:

43477109