An evaluation of the U.S. Navy's extremely low frequency communications system ecological monitoring program / Committee to Evaluate the U.S. Navy's Extremely Low Frequency Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee to Evaluate the U.S. Navy's Extremely Low Frequency Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

ELF electromagnetic fields--Environmental aspects.

ELF electromagnetic fields.

Environmental monitoring.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (176 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Other Title:

Evaluation of the US Navy's extermely low frequency communications system ecological monitoring program

Evaluation of ELF ecological monitoring program

Evaluation of Navy ELF ecological monitoring program

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1997.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The U.S. Navy established an ecological monitoring program to determine whether electric and magnetic fields from extremely low frequency (ELF) communications systems influenced plant and animal populations near the transmitting facilities. Although some of the researchers believe that a few biological changes might have occurred, they concluded that the results do not indicate significant adverse ecological effects. This book evaluates the 11 ecological studies of the Navy's monitoring program and examines the adequacy of experimental design, the data collection and analysis, and the soundness of the conclusions. It also addresses whether the monitoring program was capable of detecting subtle effects due to ELF exposure and examines the biological changes observed by some program researchers, such as enhanced tree growth.

Contents:

AN EVALUATION OF THE U.S. NAVY'S EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM ECOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM

Copyright

OTHER RECENT REPORTS OF THE BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY

Preface

Contents

Executive Summary

COMMON ISSUES ARISING FROM EVALUATION OF INDIVIDUAL STUDIES

USE OF EXPOSURE DATA BY ECOLOGICAL MONITORING TEAMS

STUDY-SITE SELECTION

ADEQUACY OF SITE REPLICATION

SPECIES SELECTION

RESPONSE VARIABLES

STATISTICAL POWER

RESPONSE TO REVIEW

APPROPRIATENESS OF INTERPRETATION

DIFFERENT METHODS FOR SIMILAR ORGANISMS

LACK OF INTEGRATION AMONG STUDIES AND SYNTHESIS OF INFORMATION

DATA ARCHIVING

IITRI'S ENGINEERING SUPPORT AND PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS

RECOMMENDATION

DO NOT REPEAT THE FIELD STUDIES

SUGGESTED NEXT STEPS

REANALYZE THE EXPOSURE-ASSESSMENT DATA

VARIABLES THAT TENDED TO SHOW MEASURABLE EFFECTS SHOULD BE SUBJECTED TO CONTROLLED LABORATORY STUDY

REANALYSIS OR LABORATORY STUDIES SHOULD BE REVIEWED INDEPENDENTLY

1 Introduction

THE ELF COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

THE NAVY'S ECOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM

THE COMMITTEE'S CHARGE AND APPROACH

SPECIFIC THEORIES OF BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF EMF EXPOSURE

SCOPE OF THE REPORT

2 EMF Measurements, Exposure Criteria, and Dosimetry

CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS

EXPOSURE CRITERIA FOR SITE SELECTION

EXPOSURE DATA SUPPLIED TO RESEARCHERS

USING FORMULAS FOR PREDICTING ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS

DOSIMETRY

DIFFERENCES IN EFFECT BETWEEN UNMODULATED 60-HZ AND MODULATED 76-HZ SIGNALS

CONCLUSIONS REGARDING EMF MEASUREMENTS

3 Evaluation of Final Reports of Individual Studies

INTRODUCTION

WETLANDS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

SYSTEM, SITE, AND SPECIES SELECTION

EXPERIMENT DESIGN

Biologic Sampling

Environmental Characteristics.

Statistical Methods

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Exposure Assessment

PRESENTATION OF RESULTS

Alternative Hypotheses

Interpretation

How Well Researchers' Conclusions Were Supported

COMMITTEE CRITIQUE

SLIME MOLD

SELECTION OF RESPONSE VARIABLES

EXPERIMENT DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

Biologic Sampling Techniques

Physical Measurements

Statistical Methods

CONCLUSIONS AND COMMITTEE CRITIQUE

Validity

Uncertainties

WISCONSIN BIRDS AND MICHIGAN BIRDS

Quality Assurance, Quality Control, and Replicability

CONCLUSIONS

SMALL VERTEBRATES

FECUNDITY, MORTALITY, GROWTH, AND MATURATION IN TREE SWALLOWS

GROWTH AND MATURATION IN DEER MICE

HOMING IN TREE SWALLOWS

HOMING IN SMALL MAMMALS

DEVELOPMENT IN TREE SWALLOWS

MAXIMAL AEROBIC METABOLISM IN CHICKADEES AND DEER MICE

COMMON LIMITATIONS OF SUBSTUDIES

Integration of Exposure Assessment Into Experimental Biologic Design and Statistical Treatment of Data

Experiments with Statistical Power Too Low to Yield Meaningful Information

LITTER DECOMPOSITION AND MICROFLORA

SPECIES AND SYSTEM SELECTION

Litter Decay

Mycorhizal-Associated Streptomycete Populations

Root Pathogens

Litter Decomposition

Streptomycetes

Armillaria

Biologic and Ecological Sampling Techniques

Physical and Chemical Measurements

PRESENTATION OF RESULTS.

Consideration of Alternative Analyses

UPLAND FLORA

SPECIES OR SYSTEM SELECTION

Consideration of Alternative Hypotheses

AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS

Periphyton

Insect Response

Fish Abundance and Movement

POLLINATING INSECTS

Summary

SOIL ARTHROPODS AND EARTHWORMS

Soil and Litter Arthropods

Surface-Active Arthropods

Earthworm Field Populations

Earthworm Growth and Reproduction in Incubation Bags

Litter Inputs

Consideration of Alternative Analyses

SOIL AMEBAS

Biologic Sampling Techniques.

Physical Measurements and Sites

4 Common Issues

ELF-EMF CHARACTERIZATIONS AT WETLANDS SITE

USE OF MAGNETIC-FIELD INTENSITY AS A ''DOSE" AT UPLAND-FLORA SITE

CONCLUSIONS REGARDING USE OF EXPOSURE DATA

THE PRACTICAL PROBLEM OF SITE SELECTION

ADJUSTING THE RESEARCH PLAN TO PROBLEMS WITH SITE SELECTION

CONCLUSIONS REGARDING SITE SELECTION

PSEUDOREPLICATION

STUDY SPECIES

CONCLUSIONS REGARDING SPECIES SELECTION

RESPONSE-VARIABLE SELECTION

CRITERIA FOR RESPONSE SELECTION

WEAKNESS IN THE GENERAL RESEARCH DESIGN FOR RESPONSE VARIABLES

CONCLUSIONS REGARDING RESPONSE-VARIABLE SELECTION

RESPONSE TO REVIEWS AND CRITIQUES

SELECTION OF PROJECTS

SELECTION OF STUDY SITES

CONCLUSIONS REGARDING INTEGRATION OF STUDIES AND SYNTHESIS OF INFORMATION

5 Overall Conclusions and Recommendations

CHARACTERIZING ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

DO NOT REPEAT THE MONITORING STUDIES

REANALYSIS OF THE EXPOSURE-ASSESSMENT DATA

CONTROLLED LABORATORY STUDIES OF VARIABLES THAT TENDED TO SHOW MEASURABLE EFFECTS

ANY REANALYSIS OR LABORATORY STUDIES SHOULD BE REVIEWED INDEPENDENTLY

SUMMARY

References

Appendix A Biographic Information on Committee Members

Appendix B Calculations of Induced Electric Fields

THEORETICAL MODEL

NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS

INSECTS AND BIRDS AND OTHER SMALL VERTEBRATES

HARDWOOD-TREE STANDS

SUMMARY.

Notes:

Contains conclusions and recommendations.

Includes bibliographical referencees (p. 148-152).

ISBN:

9786610192069

9780309175203

0309175208

9781280192067

1280192062

9780309589710

0309589711

9780585037653

0585037655

OCLC:

44954139