Toxicologic assessment of the Army's zinc cadmium sulfide dispersion tests / Subcommittee on Zinc Cadmium Sulfide, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Zinc Cadmium Sulfide.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biological weapons--United States--Testing.

Biological weapons.

Zinc cadmium sulfide--Physiological effect.

Zinc cadmium sulfide.

Cadmium compounds--Toxicity testing.

Cadmium compounds.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (386 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1997.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

During the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. Army conducted atmospheric dispersion tests in many American cities using fluorescent particles of zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) to develop and verify meteorological models to estimate the dispersal of aerosols. Upon learning of the tests, many citizens and some public health officials in the affected cities raised concerns about the health consequences of the tests. This book assesses the public health effects of the Army's tests, including the toxicity of ZnCdS, the toxicity of surrogate cadmium compounds, the environmental fate of ZnCdS, the extent of public exposures from the dispersion tests, and the risks of such exposures.

Contents:

TOXICOLOGIC ASSESSMENT OF THE ARMY'S ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE DISPERSION TESTS

Copyright

OTHER RECENT REPORTS OF THE BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY

OTHER RECENT REPORTS OF THE COMMITTEE ON TOXICOLOGY

PREFACE

Contents

SUMMARY

TASKS OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

INPUT FROM THE PUBLIC

OPEN LITERATURE AND UNPUBLISHED REPORTS

CONCLUSIONS

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

TOXICOKINETICS AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF ZNCDS: AVAILABILITY OF CADMIUM FROM ZNCDS

TOXICITY

TOXICITY OF SELECTED CADMIUM COMPOUNDS

EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT

RISK ASSESSMENT OF ZNCDS EXPOSURES

SCIENTIFIC FEASIBILITY OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY

RECOMMENDATIONS

1 INTRODUCTION

ZNCDS DISPERSION TESTS

PUBLIC CONCERN IN RESPONSE TO ZNCDS DISPERSION TESTS

SOURCES OF DATA

STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

2 INPUT FROM THE PUBLIC

NATURE OF COMMENTS

SPECIFIC HEALTH PROBLEMS

3 TOXICITY AND RELATED DATA ON ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE

IMPLICATIONS OF VARIABLE COMPOSITION

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4 TOXICITY AND RELATED DATA ON SELECTED CADMIUM COMPOUNDS

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CADMIUM COMPOUNDS

TOXICOKINETICS OF CADMIUM COMPOUNDS

INSOLUBLE CADMIUM COMPOUNDS

SOLUBLE CADMIUM COMPOUNDS

TOXICITY OF CADMIUM COMPOUNDS

NONCANCER EFFECTS

IN VIVO INSOLUBLE CADMIUM COMPOUNDS

IN VIVO SOLUBLE CADMIUM COMPOUNDS

GENOTOXICITY OF CADMIUM COMPOUNDS

CARCINOGENICITY OF CADMIUM COMPOUNDS

LUNG CANCER

PROSTATIC CANCER

OTHER CANCERS

5 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT

ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE

CADMIUM

6 RISK CHARACTERIZATION OF EXPOSURES TO ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE.

RISK ASSESSMENT FOR NONCANCER HEALTH EFFECTS

RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CANCER

LUNG-CANCER POTENCY OF CADMIUM

LUNG-CANCER RISK ESTIMATES

UNCERTAINTY OF LUNG-CANCER RISK ESTIMATES

OTHER ROUTES OF EXPOSURE

7 SCIENTIFIC FEASIBILITY OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY

NATURE OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS

KEY METHODOLOGIC ISSUES

TYPES OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES

8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

TOXICITY AND RELATED DATA ON ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE

TOXICITY AND RELATED DATA ON SELECTED CADMIUM COMPOUNDS

FEASIBILITY OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE U.S. BIOLOGIC-WARFARE PROGRAM

APPENDIX B SUMMARY OF DOSES AND CONCENTRATIONS OF ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE PARTICLES FROM THE ARMY'S DISPERSION TESTS

APPENDIX C CORRESPONDENCE FROM THE ARMY

APPENDIX D INTERACTION OF ZINC AND CADMIUM AND TOXICITY OF ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE ACTIVATORS

APPENDIX E PUBLIC MEETING AGENDAS

APPENDIX F SAMPLING AND ANALYTIC METHODS FOR ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE

APPENDIX G REVIEW OF AEHA RISK-ASSESSMENT REPORTS ON ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE

APPENDIX H REVIEW OF EPA, ATSDR, AND CDC COMMENTS ON THE ARMY'S RISK-ASSESSMENT REPORTS ON ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE

APPENDIX I CADMIUM EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT, TRANSPORT, AND ENVIRONMENT FATE

Glossary.

Notes:

"...supported by contract DAMD 17-89-C-9086 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Army."

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9786610191574

9780309174787

0309174783

9781280191572

1280191570

9780309590556

0309590558

9780585039459

0585039453

OCLC:

70772460