Toxicity of military smokes and obscurants / Subcommittee on Military Smokes and Obscurants, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Military Smokes and Obscurants.

Series:

Compass series (Washington, D.C.)

Compass series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Combustion gases--Toxicology.

Combustion gases.

Smoke screens--Toxicology.

Smoke screens.

Diesel fuels--Toxicology.

Diesel fuels.

Hexachloroethane--Toxicology.

Hexachloroethane.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (177 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1997-<c1999>

Contents:

Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants

Copyright

Preface

Contents

Summary

EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL

Diesel-Fuel Smoke

Fog-Oil Smoke

Red Phosphorus Smoke

Hexachloroethane Smoke

EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS AT BOUNDARIES OF MILITARY-TRAINING FACILITIES

1 Introduction

SMOKES REVIEWED IN THIS REPORT

U.S. ARMY POLICY CONCERNING USE OF OBSCURANTS

SUBCOMMITTEE TASK

DEFINITIONS OF EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS

APPROACH TO DEVELOPING EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS

Emergency Exposure Guidance Levels (EEGLs)

Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Levels (SPEGLs)

Permissible Exposure Guidance Levels (PEGLs) and Permissible Public Exposure Guidance Levels (PPEGLs)

SUMMARY OF APPROACH

REFERENCES

2 Diesel-Fuel Smoke

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Military Applications

Physical and Chemical Properties

TOXICOKINETICS

TOXICITY SUMMARY

Effects in Humans

Effects in Animals

Dermal and Ocular Exposures

Lethality

Eye and Skin Irritation

Carcinogenic Effects

Inhalation Exposures

One-Time Exposures

Repeated 15- or 60-Minute Exposures

Repeated 4-Hour Exposures

Repeated Exposures: Relative Significance of Frequency, Duration, and Concentration

Screening Tests for Mutagenicity

Summary of Toxicity Data

Noncancer Toxicity

Carcinogenicity

LIMITS EXISTING RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE

SUBCOMMITTEE EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Military Exposures

Emergency Exposure Guidance Level (EEGL)1

Permissible Exposure Guidance Level (PEGL)2

Public Exposures

Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Level (SPEGL)3

Permissible Public Exposure Guidance Level (PPEGL)4

Summary of Subcommittee Recommendations

RESEARCH NEEDS

3 Fog-Oil Smoke

Physical and Chemical Properties.

Military Exposures

Dermal Exposures

Noncancerous Skin Lesions

Cancer of the Skin and Scrotum

Multiple Routes of Exposure

Pulmonary Effects

Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Effects

Skin Irritation

Cancer

Oral Exposures

Repeated Exposures

Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity

Screening Tests for Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity

EXISTING RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LIMITS

Type of Fog Oil

Emergency Exposure Guidance Level (EEGL)4

Permissible Exposure Guidance Levels (PEGL)5

Public Exposures to New-Fog-Oil Smoke

Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Level (SPEGL)6

Permissible Public Exposure Guidance Level (PPEGL)7

4 Red Phosphorus Smoke

Occurrence and Use

Combustion Products

TOXICITY SUMMARY: ELEMENTAL RED PHOSPHORUS

TOXICITY SUMMARY: RED PHOSPHORUS-BUTYL RUBBER

Permissible Exposure Guidance Levels (PEGL)2

Permissible Public Exposure Guidance Level (PPEGL)4.

Summary of Subcommittee Recommendations

5 Hexachloroethane Smoke

Physical and Chemical Properties of Zinc Chloride

Example Noncancer Risk Assessment

Example Cancer Risk Assessment

Estimated Exposure

Estimated Cancer Risk

Emergency Exposure Guidance Level (EEGL)2

Permissible Exposure Guidance Levels (PEGL)3

Comparison with Other Exposure Guidance Levels

Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Level (SPEGL)4

Permissible Public Exposure Guidance Level (PPEGL)5

Comparison of Recommendations with Conservative Screening Cancer-Risk Estimates

RESEARCH NEED

REFERENCES.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

1-280-19154-6

9786610191543

0-309-56166-3

0-585-04828-2

OCLC:

60365398