Energy-efficient technologies for the dismounted soldier / Committee on Electric Power for the Dismounted Soldier, Board on Army Science and Technology, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Electric Power for the Dismounted Soldier.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

United States. Army.

United States.

Command and control systems.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (286 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, c1997.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This book documents electric power requirements for the dismounted soldier on future Army battlefields, describes advanced energy concepts, and provides an integrated assessment of technologies likely to affect limitations and needs in the future. It surveys technologies associated with both supply and demand including: energy sources and systems; low power electronics and design; communications, computers, displays, and sensors; and networks, protocols, and operations. Advanced concepts discussed are predicated on continued development by the Army of soldier systems similar to the Land Warrior system on which the committee bases its projections on energy use. Finally, the volume proposes twenty research objectives to achieve energy goals in the 2025 time frame.

Contents:

Energy-Efficient Technologies for the Dismounted Soldier

Copyright

Preface

Contents

Acronyms and Abbreviations

ACRONYMS

ABBREVIATIONS

Executive Summary

LAND WARRIOR AND DISMOUNTED SOLDIER REQUIREMENTS

APPLICABLE TECHNOLOGY AREAS

Energy Sources and Systems

Low Power Electronics and Design

Communications, Computers, Displays, and Sensors

Networks, Protocols, and Operations

ADVANCED CONCEPTS

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

REFERENCE

1 Introduction

STUDY APPROACH

REPORT ORGANIZATION

ASSUMPTIONS

SUPERIORITY THROUGH TECHNOLOGY

2 Requirements and Needs

IMPACT OF DIGITIZATION

OPERATIONAL FACTORS

THE ARMY AFTER NEXT

FINDINGS

3 Energy Sources and Systems

ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Rechargeable Batteries

Fueled Systems

Fuel Cells

Heat Engines and Electromechanical Energy Converters

Thermoelectric Conversion

Alkali-Metal Thermal-to-Electrical Energy Converter (AMTEC)

Nuclear Energy Sources

Human-Powered Systems

Photovoltaic Technology

Thermophotovoltaics

Electrochemical Capacitors

Hybrid Systems

POWER FOR MICROCLIMATE COOLING

Technology Forecast

Key Research Issues

4 Low Power Electronics and Design

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Digital Guidelines

System Architecture

Analog and Radio Frequency Design

Examples of Circuit Design

DESIGN AIDS FOR LOW POWER INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Behavioral and Architectural Level Design

Logic Level Design

Circuit Level Design

Physical Level Design

Meeting Unique Army Requirements

INDUSTRY TRENDS

Purpose

Challenges

Improved Productivity

Managing Complexity

Advanced Technology

Funding

Military and Commercial Synergy

THEORETICAL LIMITS ON LOW POWER ELECTRONICS

INDUSTRY CONSENSUS.

Centers for Low Power Electronics

International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design

DARPA Low Power Electronics Program

5 Communications, Computers, Displays, and Sensors

TRENDS IN DESIGNING COMMERCIAL PORTABLE EQUIPMENT

COMMUNICATIONS

Power Objectives

Transmitter Energy Consumption

COMPUTERS

Land Warrior Computer

General-Purpose Computing Trends

Customized and General-Purpose Architectures

Design of a Low Power Soldier Terminal Using Embedded Systems

Computing System Partitioning for Low Power

User Interfaces

DISPLAYS

Requirements

Helmet-Mounted Display

Weapon-Mounted Display

Hand-Held Display

Current and Future Technology

Future Research and Development

SENSORS

Microelectromechanical Systems

Infrared Sensor Arrays

Temperature Stabilization

Ultra Low-Power Electronics for the Sensor Interface

Research and Development

Laser Detectors

Laser Rangefinders and Infrared Pointer Technology

Laser Rangefinder

Infrared Pointer

Global Positioning System

Wireless Communication Interfaces

Communications

Computing

Displays and Sensors

6 Networks, Protocols, and Operations

WIRELESS TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES AND LIMITATIONS

LAND WARRIOR SYSTEM

NETWORKS AND PROTOCOLS

Hybrid "Virtual" Peer-to-Peer Network Architecture

Multihop Network Architectures

SELECTING A SUITABLE COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGY

NETWORK ARCHITECTURES ABOVE THE SOLDIER LEVEL

NONTERRESTRIAL SYSTEMS AND ARCHITECTURES

Mobile Satellite Systems

Direct Broadcast Satellite Systems and Architectures.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems and Architectures

OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

7 Advanced Concepts

COMPARING LAND WARRIOR WITH COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGY

Compact Energy Sources

Commercial Electronic Systems

The Crisis

USING COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE LAND WARRIOR SYSTEM

Computer

Radio Communications

DESIGNING A SYSTEM FOR LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Energy Requirements for Analog Processing and Analog Devices

Energy Requirements for Digital Computation

Energy Requirements for Data Transmission

PARADIGM SHIFTS

Energy Strategy

System Design

Use of Commercial Technology

8 Research Objectives

ENERGY SOURCES AND SYSTEMS

Chargers and State-of-Charge Devices

Aqueous Systems

Lithium Systems

Advanced Fueled Systems

Microturbines

Thermophotovoltaic Systems

LOW POWER ELECTRONICS AND DESIGN

Circuit Design Tools for Minimizing Power Requirements

Architectural Design Level Tools

Packaging Techniques for Minimizing Interconnects

Submicron Lithography

Optimizing Device Design

Design Methodologies for Army "Systems on a Chip

COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTERS, DISPLAYS, AND SENSORS

Terminal Equipment Architectures for Optimizing Energy Consumption

Component and Human-Computer Interfaces

Ultra Low Power Displays and Sensors

Multimodal and Adaptive Communication Circuits

Evolution of Hardware and Software

NETWORKS, PROTOCOLS, AND OPERATIONS

Wireless Battlefield Communications Network

Extending the Range of the Dismounted Soldier

Sensors and Software for Power Management

Models for Optimizing Energy Efficiency

Propagation Characteristics and Antenna Design

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Wireless Battlefield Communications Network.

Models for Optimizing Energy Efficiency

9 Conclusions and Recommendations

References

Appendices

Appendix A Meetings and Activities

Appendix B Sample Estimate of Operational Requirements for Land Warrior

REFERENCES

Appendix C Energy Source Technologies

BATTERIES

Systems Likely to Meet the Needs of the Dismounted Soldier

Rechargeable Alkaline Electrolyte Systems

Rechargeable Lithium Systems

Other Systems

Charging, Safety, and Testing

Necessary Technical Improvements

Rechargeable Lithium Cells

FUEL CELLS

State of the Art

Problems

Opportunities for Improvement

HEAT ENGINES WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERTERS

Technical Considerations

THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS

Technical Aspects

ALKALI-METAL THERMAL-TO-ELECTRIC CONVERTER

Technical Description

NUCLEAR ENERGY POWER SOURCES

Generic Radioisotope Power Systems

HUMAN-POWERED SYSTEMS

Technical Discussion

PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY

Cells

Silicon

Gallium Arsenide

Indium Phosphide Cells

Multibandgap Solar Cells

Thin-Film Cells

Arrays

Planar Arrays

Concentrator Arrays

THERMOPHOTOVOLTAICS

ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS

Particle Bed Chemical Double Layer Capacitor

Pseudocapacitors

Equivalent Parallel Resistance

HYBRID SYSTEMS

Fueled System and Battery Hybrid

Battery and Electrochemical Capacitor

SUMMARY

Appendix D Future Directions for Low Power Electronics

THEORETICAL LIMITS

Fundamental Limits

Material Limits.

Performance Limits on Devices

Limits on Circuits

Limits on Systems

Practical Limits

CONCLUSION

Appendix E Wearable Speech-Operated Computer.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9786610187218

9780309174480

0309174481

9781280187216

1280187212

9780309591270

0309591279

9780585030654

0585030650

OCLC:

42329645