Reducing stress fracture in physically active military women / Subcommittee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women, Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Institute of Medicine (U.S.).

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Stress fractures (Orthopedics).

Women soldiers--Health and hygiene--United States.

Women soldiers.

Women soldiers--Nutrition--United States.

Physical education and training, Military.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xii, 117 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1998.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The incidence of stress fractures of the lower extremities during U.S. military basic training is significantly higher among female military recruits than among male recruits. The prevalence of this injury has a marked impact on the health of service personnel and imposes a significant financial burden on the military by delaying completion of the training of new recruits. In addition to lengthening training time, increasing program costs, and delaying military readiness, stress fractures may share their etiology with the longer-term risk of osteoporosis. As part of the Defense Women's Health Research Program, this book evaluates the impact of diet, genetic predisposition, and physical activity on bone mineral and calcium status in young servicewomen. It makes recommendations for reducing stress fractures and improving overall bone health through nutrition education and monitored physical training programs. The book also makes recommendations for future research to evaluate more fully the effects of fitness levels, physical activities, and other factors on stress fracture risk and bone health.

Contents:

Reducing Stress Fracture in Physically Active Military Women

Copyright

Preface

HISTORY OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE

COMMITTEE TASKS AND PROCEDURES

ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Contents

Executive Summary

CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE

METHODS

RESPONSE TO TASK QUESTIONS

Conclusions

Recommendations

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH BY THE MILITARY

1 Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Stress Fractures in Military Women

ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS

HORMONAL REGULATION OF BONE METABOLISM AND REMODELING

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF STRESS FRACTURES

Bone Loading

Accelerated Remodeling

Microdamage

DIAGNOSIS

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Military Training Programs

Army

Navy and Marine Corps

Air Force

Fitness Levels of Recruits

SUMMARY

2 Bone Health and Risk Factors

BONE MINERAL DENSITY

TECHNICAL MEASUREMENTS

Bone Markers

Bone Mass

Genetic Markers

Diet

BODY COMPOSITION

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FITNESS

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES

OTHER LIFESTYLE FACTORS

3 Effects of Caloric Intake, Physical Activity and Hormonal Factors on Bone Health

CALORIC/HORMONAL FACTORS

Effects of Low Energy Intake on Hormonal Levels and Bone Health

Effect of Dieting and Weight Loss on Bone Health

Incidence of Caloric Restriction and Disordered Eating Patterns in Military Women

Hypothalamic Amenorrhea and Bone Health

Possible Effects of Excessive Exercise on Bone Health

4 Conclusions and Recommendations

CONCLUSIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS

Bone Mass and Bone Health

Fitness and Training

Reproductive Health and Bone Health

Energy Intake and Bone Health.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

Bibliography

A Workshop Agenda and Abstracts

WORKSHOP AGENDA

Agenda

WORKSHOP ABSTRACTS

STRESS FRACTURE AMONG PHYSICALLY ACTIVE WOMEN IN THE GENERAL POPULATION

PHYSICAL TRAINING INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE STRESS FRACTURE INCIDENCE IN NAVY AND MARINE CORPS RECRUIT TRAINING

Introduction

Ongoing Research

STRESS FRACTURE EXPERIENCE AT FORT JACKSON

Physical Training and Rehabilitation Program

Experience and Interesting Observations

Interventions

IS THERE A GENETIC BASIS FOR STRESS FRACTURES?

STRUCTURAL INDICES OF STRESS FRACTURE SUSCEPTIBILITY IN FEMALE MILITARY RECRUITS

Materials and Methods

Results

Discussion and Conclusions

References

QUANTITATIVE ULTRASOUND AND OTHER RISK FACTORS FOR STRESS FRACTURE DURING BASIC TRAINING IN FEMALE U ...

CALCIUM INTAKE AND EXERCISE LEVEL: SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS ON BONE

CALCIUM AND IRON: FOOD VERSUS SUPPLEMENTS

Mineral Requirements

Bioavailability

Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions

Foods Versus Supplements

DIETARY CALCIUM AND RELATED NUTRIENT INTAKES IN MILITARY MEN AND WOMEN

EFFECTS OF PROLONGED INACTIVITY ON THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM WITH EVALUATION OF COUNTER MEASURES

Review

EFFECT OF MODULATORS OF BONE TURNOVER ON CHANGES IN MARKERS OF BONE TURNOVER

IGF-1, MUSCLE MASS, AND BONE DENSITY

DIETARY ENERGY REQUIREMENTS IN PHYSICALLY ACTIVE MEN AND WOMEN: THRESHOLD EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION

EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON THE FITNESS AND HEALTH OF POSTPARTUM SOLDIERS

THE ART AND SCIENCE OF LONGITUDINAL STUDIES OF HEALTHY YOUNG PEOPLE

B Military Recommended Dietary Allowances(AR 40-25, 1985: Chapters 1 and 2)

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1-1. Purpose

1-2. References.

1-3. Explanation of abbreviations and terms

1-4. Responsibilities

CHAPTER 2 NUTRITIONAL ALLOWANCES AND STANDARDS

2-1. Military recommended dietary allowances

2-2. Estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intakes

2-3. Nutrient standards for operational and restricted rations

2-4. Energy requirements

2-5. Nutrient discussion

C Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Related Nutrients (IOM, 1997)

D Biographical Sketches

E Abbreviations.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-67).

ISBN:

9786610186846

9780309173636

0309173639

9781280186844

1280186844

9780309591898

0309591899

9780585037240

0585037248

OCLC:

42636416