Assessing readiness in military women : the relationship of body composition, nutrition, and health / Committee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women, Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Women soldiers--United States--Nutrition.

Women soldiers.

Women soldiers--Health and hygiene--United States.

Body composition.

United States--Armed Forces--Women.

United States.

United States--Armed Forces--Operational readiness.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (368 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1998.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

In 1992, the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviewed the existing standards and found that the standards for body composition required for women to achieve an appearance goal seemed to conflict with those necessary to ensure the ability to perform many types of military tasks. This report addresses that conflict.

Contents:

Assessing Readiness in Military Women

Copyright

Preface

REFERENCE

Contents

Assessing Readiness in Military Women

Executive Summary

THE COMMITTEE'S TASK

METHODS

BACKGROUND

FINDINGS

RECOMMENDATIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

Survey Design and Administration

Relevant Data from Previous Surveys of Military Personnel and in Existing DoD Databases

Effective Use of Existing Data

Recommendations for New Methods

Additional Data Needed

Additional Research Recommendations

REFERENCES

1 Introduction

COMMITTEE CHARGE

DEMOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVE-DUTY MILITARY WOMEN

METHODS AND RESOURCES USED FOR THE REPORT

2 Body Composition

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Summary

OVERVIEW OF BODY WEIGHT AND COMPOSITION

General Concepts

Body Mass Index

Components of Body Composition

BODY COMPOSITION MEASUREMENT

Field Methods

Military Anthropometric Measurements

Criterion Methods

FACTORS AFFECTING BODY COMPOSITION

Body Composition and Age

Genetic Influences on Body Composition

Ethnic Differences in Fat-Free Mass

Ethnic Differences in Total Body fat and Fat Distribution

INFLUENCES OF BODY COMPOSITION ON HEALTH, FITNESS, AND APPEARANCE

Body Composition and Health

Body Fat Distribution

Body Composition and Risk for Injury

Body Composition and Fitness

Body Fat Standards Versus Fitness Standards

Body Composition and Appearance

CONCLUDING REMARKS

3 Physical Fitness Policies and Programs

DEFINITION OF FITNESS

CURRENT MILITARY PHYSICAL FITNESS STANDARDS, TESTING, AND PROGRAMS

Health-Related Fitness

Ongoing Physical Fitness Training in the Military

Occupation-Related Fitness

CIVILIAN PERFORMANCE TESTING

Theoretical Issues.

Police Force Physical Tests

Firefighting Services

BODY COMPOSITION, FITNESS, AND TASK PERFORMANCE

Body Fat and Performance

Fat-Free Mass and Performance

Musculoskeletal Injury and Fitness

Strategies to Improve Performance on Physically Demanding Military Tasks

Strength Training

Job Redesign

CONCLUSION

4 Weight Management

MILITARY WEIGHT MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS

Army

Air Force

Navy and Marine Corps

Outcome Assessment for Military Weight Management Programs

PREVALENCE OF ACTUAL AND SELF-PERCEIVED WEIGHT PROBLEMS

Large Self-Report Surveys

Smaller Surveys

Data from Medical and Personnel Databases

Low Body Weight

ISSUES IN WEIGHT MANAGEMENT

Body Image and Weight Maintenance

Methods Used by Military Women to Lose and Maintain Weight

Negative Diet Behaviors in Civilian Populations

Physical Consequences of Chronic Dieting

Weight Cycling and Body Composition

Weight Cycling and Resting Energy Expenditure

Weight Cycling and Risk for Disease

Methods for Successful Weight Management

Factors Associated with Successful Weight Management

Prevention of Obesity

CONCLUDING REMARKS: WEIGHT MANAGEMENT AS A MILITARY READINESS ISSUE

5 Nutritional Concerns of Military Women

CONSEQUENCES OF CHRONIC DIETING

Energy Deficit and Cognitive Function

Female Athlete Triad

Energy Intake

Dietary Fiber

Dietary Fat

Other Nutrients

Role of Body Fat

Risk For Musculoskeletal Injury And Female Athlete Triad in Active-Duty Military Women

Nutrient Adequacy of Weight Loss Diets

INFLUENCE OF MILITARY OPERATIONAL RATIONS AND DINING HALL MEALS ON THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ACTIVE- ...

Results Of Military Nutrition Studies.

Impact of Altered Nutrient Status

Iron

Calcium

Folate

Protein

Energy

Fluids

6 Pregnancy and Lactation and Postpartum Return-to-Duty Fitness

MILITARY POLICIES ON PREGNANCY AND POSTPARTUM ATTAINMENT OF WEIGHT/FAT AND FITNESS STANDARDS

PROFILE OF MILITARY WOMEN AND RISK FACTORS FOR POOR PREGNANCY OUTCOME

REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY OF MILITARY WOMEN

Pregnancy Prevalence

Navy

Marine Corps

Civilians

Pregnancy Course And Outcome

EXERCISE AND PREGNANCY

POSTPARTUM CHANGES IN WEIGHT AND PHYSICAL FITNESS

Gestational Weight Gain

Postpartum Weight Loss

Use of Military Body Composition Equations in Postpartum Women

Changes in Postpartum Physical Fitness

LACTATION

Military Studies

Lactation and Postpartum Weight Loss

Physical Activity and Lactation

NUTRITION DURING PREGNANCY AND POSTPARTUM

7 Conclusions and Recommendations

Recommendations

Discussion

Recommendations for Additional Research

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE DESIGN AND ADMINISTRATION OF SURVEYS

Relevant Data from Previous Surveys of Military Personnel

Relevant Data in Existing DoD Databases

Recommendations For New Methods

Appendixes

A Workshop Summary, Agenda, Participants, and Abstracts

Workshop Summary

Introduction

Demographics

Readiness from a Command Perspective

Body Composition And Fitness

Policy and Rationale

Estimations of Percentage of Soldiers In and Out of Compliance.

Perceptions of Wellness and Readiness Assessment

Variation In Body Composition Due To Ethnicity Or Gender

Relationships Between Body Composition and Physical Performance

Fitness Tests and Programs

Nutritional Issues

Assessment of Nutritional Status and Knowledge among Active-Duty Women

Eating Disorders And Disturbed Eating

Health Consequences Of Undernutrition

Factors Influencing Bone Mineral Density

Military Factors, Menstrual Irregularities, Bone Mineral Density, and Stress Fracture Risk

Diet and Cognitive Function

Pregnancy And Lactation

Pregnancy Rates and Reproductive History among Military Women

Military Policies for Pregnant and Postpartum Soldiers

Postpartum Return to Duty Readiness: Lactation

Exercise During Lactation

Military Concerns

Questions Raised At The Workshop

Minimum Lean Body Mass

Appearance versus Health

Minimal Accession Standards

Pregnancy and Lactation

Workshop Agenda

Workshop Participants

Workshop Abstracts

Military Readiness of Women: An Overview From The Command Perspective

Overview Of The Military Woman

Health And Nutrition Profile Of Women In The Navy

Characteristics Of Female Midshipmen: 1992 To 1996

Health, Fitness, And Nutrition Among Military Women And Men

Disordered Eating Among Women In The Armed Forces

Body Composition And Physical Performance Of Women

Methodological Problems In The Assessment Of Women's Body Composition By The Military: Identificatio ...

Ethnic Differences In Body Composition: Application To Active Military Women

Background

Fat-Free Body Composition of African American Women

Fat-Free Body Composition of Native American Women.

Fat-Free Body Composition of Asian Women

Fat-Free Body Composition of Hispanic Women

Fat-Free Body Composition of Caucasian Women

Conclusions and Recommendations

References

Cross-Sectional Profile Of Body Composition Among Active-Duty Navy And Marine Corps Personnel

Accession Weight Standards: Inconsistencies And Gender Bias

Army Physical Fitness Program

Physical Readiness Program, U.S. Navy

Assessment Of Fitness In The Air Force: Evaluation Of The Cycle Ergometry Program

Effect Of Alterations In Excess Weight On The Physical Performance Of Men And Women

Zinc And Iron Nutriture: Neuropsychological Function Of Women

Perspectives On Nutritional Issues Of Army Women

Body Weight Satisfaction And Status Of Army Women

Gender Differences In Food Ration Preferences And Consumption Among Military Personnel

Health Consequences And Assessment Of Disordered Eating And Weight Control Behaviors

Calcium Needs Of Premenopausal Women

The Female Athlete Triad: Effects On The Skeleton

The Impact Of Physical Fitness And Gender-Integrated Training On Risks Of Stress Fractures And Other ...

Clinical Impact Of U.S. Army Policies And Procedures On Pregnancy, The Postpartum Period, And Body C ...

The Impact Of Pregnancy Weight Restriction, Postpartum Exercise, And Weight Loss On Lactation

Pregnancy Weight Restriction and Lactation Performance

Lactation and Weight Loss

Pregnancy Among Navy Women

B Practices and Policies Tables

C Military Occupational Specialty Classification Tables

D Search Strategy for Literature Review

Determination Of Topic Areas

Formulation Of Search Terms

Searches Of Bibliographic Databases

Selection Of Relevant Citations.

Additional Searches And Requests For Material.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references (p. 295-333) and index.

ISBN:

9786610186938

9780309174091

0309174090

9781280186936

1280186933

9780309556897

0309556899

9780585037257

0585037256

OCLC:

42330435