Toxicological and performance aspects of oxygenated motor vehicle fuels / Committee on Toxicological and Performance Aspects of Oxygenated Motor Vehicle Fuels ; Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Toxicological and Performance Aspects of Oxygenated Motor Vehicle Fuels.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Butyl methyl ether--Toxicology.

Butyl methyl ether.

Gasoline--Toxicology.

Gasoline.

Automobiles--Environmental aspects.

Automobiles.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (176 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, DC : National Academy Press, 1996.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This book reviews a draft report from the federal government that assesses the effects of oxygenated gasoline on public health, air quality, fuel economy, engine performance, and water quality. In addition to evaluating the scientific basis of the report, the book identifies research needed to better understand the impacts of oxygenated fuels. Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), which is intended to reduce carbon monoxide pollution during winter, is the most commonly used additive in the federal oxygenated fuels program. MTBE has been implicated in complaints by the public of headaches, coughs, and nausea. Other questions have been raised about reduced fuel economy and engine performance and pollution of ground water due to the use of MTBE in gasoline. The book provides conclusions and recommendations about each major topic addressed in the government's report.

Contents:

Toxicological and Performance Aspects of Oxygenated Motor Vehicle Fuels

Copyright

PREFACE

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

AIR QUALITY

CRITIQUE OF INTERAGENCY DRAFT REPORT

RESEARCH NEEDS

FUEL ECONOMY AND ENGINE PERFORMANCE

WATER QUALITY

HUMAN EXPOSURE

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF OXYGENATES

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF OTHER POLLUTANTS

RISK ASSESSMENT

COSTS AND BENEFITS

1 INTRODUCTION

INTERAGENCY REPORT

CHARGE TO THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL COMMITTEE

COMMITTEE APPROACH

STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

2 AIR QUALITY, FUEL ECONOMY, AND ENGINE PERFORMANCE

FTP EMISSIONS DATA FOR INDIVIDUAL VEHICLES

ON-ROAD EMISSIONS DATA FROM VEHICLE FLEETS

LOW-TEMPERATURE VEHICLE-EMISSIONS STUDIES

AMBIENT STUDIES

DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN MODEL RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

COPOLLUTANT EFFECTS OF OXYGENATED FUELS

DYNAMOMETER TESTS

NOx EMISSIONS

HC EMISSIONS, MTBE, AND TOXICS

FIELD MEASUREMENTS

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY

FUEL ECONOMY, ENGINE PERFORMANCE, AND PROGRAM COSTS

FUEL ECONOMY

ENGINE PERFORMANCE

Program Costs

MODERN TECHNOLOGY

OVERALL CONCLUSIONS ON AIR QUALITY, FUEL ECONOMY, AND ENGINE PERFORMANCE

OVERALL RECOMMENDATIONS ON AIR QUALITY, FUEL ECONOMY, AND ENGINE PERFORMANCE

3 WATER QUALITY

OVERVIEW OF WATER QUALITY IN THE INTERAGENCY REPORT

SECTIONS OF THE INTERAGENCY REPORT REQUIRING CLARIFICATION OR REVISION

DISCUSSION OF INTERAGENCY REPORT RECOMMENDATIONS

COMMITTEE'S CONCLUSIONS

4 HUMAN EXPOSURE

DATA REVIEWED BY THE INTERAGENCY REPORT.

COMMITTEE CRITIQUE

OSTP REPORT

HEI REPORT

CONCLUSIONS

5 POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF OXYGENATES

METABOLISM, DISPOSITION, AND TOXICOKINETICS

DATA REVIEWED IN THE HEI AND OSTP REPORTS

COMMITTEE CRITIQUE

SHORT-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS

ANIMALS

DATA REVIEWED BY THE HEI AND OSTP REPORTS

HUMAN

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES

ALASKA STUDIES

CONNECTICUT AND NEW YORK STUDIES

NEW JERSEY STUDIES

WISCONSIN STUDIES

OTHER STUDIES AND REPORTS REVIEWED IN THE HEI AND OSTP REPORTS

CONTROLLED-EXPOSURE STUDIES

EPA STUDY

YALE STUDY

SWEDISH STUDIES

ACUTE HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CHAMBER STUDIES

ECOLOGICAL STUDIES

REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS

COMMITTEE SUMMARY

LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS

6 POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF OTHER POLLUTANTS

CARBON MONOXIDE

AIR TOXICS AND SHORT-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS

OTHERS

7 RISK ASSESSMENT

SYNOPSIS OF THE TWO REPORTS

SCOPE

DATA, METHODOLOGY, AND CONCLUSIONS

GENERAL COMPARISON OF THE TWO REPORTS WITH RESPECT TO RISK ISSUES

EVALUATION OF EXISTING ASSESSMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FINAL ASSESSMENT

GENERAL COMMENTS ON RISK ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF UNCERTAINTIES

SUGGESTED REFINEMENTS AND IMPROVEMENTS

SPECIFIC COMMENTS

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

DRAFT FOR NAS REVIEW ONLY

DRAFT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.

Purpose and Background

Assessment Findings

Air Quality

Water Quality

Fuel Economy and Engine Performance

Health Effects.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-150).

ISBN:

9786610246915

9780309175319

0309175313

9781280246913

128024691X

9780309589475

0309589479

9780585021034

0585021031

OCLC:

42328811