Dietary reference intakes : a risk assessment model for establishing upper intake levels for nutrients / Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Food and Nutrition Board.

Series:

Compass series (Washington, D.C.)

Compass series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Diet.

Nutrition.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (x, 71 pages) : illustrations.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1998.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The model for risk assessment of nutrients used to develop tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) is one of the key elements of the developing framework for Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). DRIs are dietary reference values for the intake of nutrients and food components by Americans and Canadians. The U.S. National Academy of Sciences recently released two reports in the series (IOM, 1997, 1998). The overall project is a comprehensive effort undertaken by the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI Committee) of the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB), Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences in the United States, with active involvement of Health Canada. The DRI project is the result of significant discussion from 1991 to 1996 by the FNB regarding how to approach the growing concern that one set of quantitative estimates of recommended intakes, the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), was scientifically inappropriate to be used as the basis for many of the uses to which it had come to be applied.

Contents:

Dietary Reference Intakes: A Risk Assessment Model for Establishing Upper Intake Levels for Nutrients

Copyright

Contents

Dietary Reference Intakes: A Risk Assessment Model for Establishing Upper Intake Levels for Nutrients

INTRODUCTION

WHAT ARE DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES?

Recommended Dietary Allowance

Process for Setting the RDA

Adequate Intake

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

APPROACH FOR SETTING DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES, INCLUDING TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS

Terminology

Concept

MODEL FOR THE DERIVATION OF TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS

RISK ASSESSMENT AND FOOD SAFETY

Basic Concepts

Steps in the Risk Assessment Process

Thresholds

APPLICATION OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL TO NUTRIENTS

Special Problems Associated with Substances Required for Human Nutrition

Consideration of Variability in Sensitivity

Bioavailability

Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions

Other Relevant Factors Affecting Bioavailability of Nutrients

STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL

Step 1. Hazard Identification

Step 2. Dose-Response Assessment

Data Selection

Identification of NOAEL (or LOAEL) and Critical Endpoint

Uncertainty Assessment

Characterization of the Estimate and Special Considerations

DERIVATION OF ULS: SUMMARY OF PROGRESS TO DATE

Derivation of UFs

Derivation of a UL

Derivation of a UL for Other Groups

References

Appendix A Recommended Dietary Intakes for Individuals

Appendix B Options for Dealing with Uncertainties

Appendix C Reference Heights and Weights for Children and Adults

Appendix D Case Studies of Application of Risk Assessment Model for Nutrients

A. Calcium

Hazard Identification

Nephrolithiasis

Hypercalcemia and Renal Insufficiency (Milk-Alkali Syndrome)

Calcium/Mineral Interactions.

Dose-Response Assessment

Adults: Ages 19 through 70 Years

Infants: Ages 0 through 12 Months

Toddlers, Children, and Adolescents: Ages 1 through 18 years

Older Adults: Ages &gt

70 Years

Pregnancy and Lactation

Special Considerations

Exposure Assessment

Risk Characterization

B. Folate

Adverse Effects

Summary

Dose-Response Assessment

Adults

Folate UL Summary, Adults

Other Life Stage Groups

Intake Assessment

C. Riboflavin

Appendix E Biographical Sketches of Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients

FNB Staff.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9786610186136

9780309173230

030917323X

9781280186134

1280186135

9780309570800

0309570808

9780585057699

0585057699

OCLC:

42855231