Review of the U.S. Army's health risk assessments for oral exposure to six chemical-warfare agents / Subcommittee on Chronic Reference Doses for Selected Chemical Chemical-Warfare Agents, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Chronic Reference Doses For Selected Chemical-Warfare Agents.

Series:

Compass series (Washington, D.C.)

The Compass series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Chemical agents (Munitions)--Toxicology.

Chemical agents (Munitions).

Chemical agents (Munitions)--Environmental aspects.

Health risk assessment.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (320 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Other Title:

Health risk assessments for oral exposure to six chemical-warfare agents

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1999.

Language Note:

English

Contents:

Review of the U.S. Army's Health Risk Assessments For Oral Exposure to Six Chemical-Warfare Agents

Copyright

OTHER REPORTS OF THE BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY

Other Reports of the Committee on Toxicology

Preface

Contents

Summary

EVALUATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFDS AND SFS

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

GA

GB

GD

VX

SULFUR MUSTARD

LEWISITE

1 Introduction

REFERENCES

2 Derivation of Reference Doses

REFERENCE-DOSE CALCULATION

BENCHMARK DOSE

UNCERTAINTY FACTORS

CONCLUSIONS

3 Evaluation of the Army's Interim Reference Dose for GA

DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD

APPROPRIATENESS OF THE CRITICAL STUDY

APPROPRIATENESS OF CRITICAL END POINT

APPROPRIATENESS OF UNCERTAINTY FACTORS

EXTRAPOLATION FROM ANIMAL TO HUMAN

PROTECTING SUSCEPTIBLE SUBPOPULATIONS

EXTRAPOLATION FROM LOAEL TO NOAEL

EXTRAPOLATION FROM SUBCHRONIC TO CHRONIC EXPOSURES

DATA-BASE ADEQUACY

MODIFYING FACTOR FOR ADDITIONAL UNCERTAINTY

SUMMARY

WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE

DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS

4 Evaluation of the Army's Interim Reference Dose for GB

5 EVALUATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM REFERENCE DOSE FOR GD

APPROPRIATENESS OF THE CRITICAL STUDY.

APPROPRIATENESS OF CRITICAL END POINT

6 Evaluation of the Army's Interim Reference Dose for VX

7 Evaluation of the Army's Interim Reference Dose and Slope Factor For Sulfur Mustard

EVALUATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD

Extrapolation from Animal to Human

Protecting Susceptible Subpopulations

Extrapolation from LOAEL to NOAEL

Extrapolation from Subchronic to Chronic Exposures

Data-Base Adequacy

Modifying Factor for Additional Uncertainty

EVALUATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM CANCER SLOPE FACTOR

DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM CANCER SLOPE FACTOR

APPROPRIATENESS OF METHOD USED

REFERENCES.

8 Evaluation of the Army's Interim Reference Dose for Lewisite

Glossary

Appendix A Health Risk Assessment for The Nerve Agent GA

HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE NERVE AGENT GA

DISCLAIMER

PREFACE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1.2. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

1.2.1 Air

1.2.2 Water

1.2.3 Soil

2. MECHANISM OF ACTION

2.1 Effects of Organophosphate Agents on the Nervous System

2.2 Effect on Blood Cholinesterases

2.2.1 Intra- and Interspecies Variation in Blood Cholinesterase Activity

2.2.2 Potency of Nerve Agents as Cholinesterase Inhibitors

3. TOXICOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Acute Toxicity

3.3 Subchronic Toxicity

3.4 Chronic Toxicity

3.5 Nervous System Toxicity

3.6 Developmental and Reproductive Effects

3.7 Carcinogenicity

3.8 Genotoxicity

4. ORAL REFERENCE DOSE FOR GA

4.1 Cholinesterase Inhibition as an RfD Endpoint

4.2 Derivation of the Oral RfD for GA

4.3 Overall Confidence in the Oral RfD

4.4 Comparison of the Oral RfD with Human Toxicity Data

5. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT

6. REFERENCES CITED

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

APPENDIX C

Appendix B Health Risk Assessment for The Nerve Agent GB

HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE NERVE AGENT GB

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

LIST OF TABLES

1.1 PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1.2.1. Air

4. ORAL REFERENCE DOSE FOR GB

4.2 Derivation of the Oral RfD

4.4 Comparison of the RfD with Human Toxicity Data

Appendix C Health Risk Assessment for The Nerve Agent GD (Soman)

HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR NERVE AGENT GD (SOMAN)

1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

2.2.1 Intra-and Interspecies Variation in Blood Cholinesterase Activity

3.2 Short-term Toxicity

3.5 Nervous System Effects

3.7 Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity

4. ORAL REFERENCE DOES FOR GD

4.2 Derivation of the Oral RfD for GD.

4.3 Comparison of RfD with Toxicity Data

5. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT FOR GD

APPENDIX D Health Risk Assessment for The Nerve Agent VX

HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE NERVE AGENT VX

2.1 Effects of Organophosphate Compounds on the Nervous System

2.2.3 Cholinesterase Inhibition by VX

4. ORAL REFERENCE DOSE FOR VX

4.2 Derivation of the Oral RfD for VX

4.3 Overall Confidence in the RfD

4.4 Comparison of RfD with Human Toxicity Data

APPENDIX D

Appendix E Health Risk Assessment for Sulfur Mustard (HD)

HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SULFUR MUSTARD (HD)

2 MECHANISM OF ACTION

3.4.1 Human Data

3.4.2 Animal Studies

3.5 Delayed Toxicity

3.7 Carcinogenicity.

3.7.1 Human Data.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9786610185801

9781280185809

1280185805

9780309539289

0309539285

9780585195674

0585195676

OCLC:

44959635