Amphibians : guidelines for the breeding, care, and management of laboratory animals :a report.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (U.S.). Committee on Standards. Subcommittee on Amphibian Standards.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Amphibians as laboratory animals.

Laboratory animals.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (x, 156 pages) : illustrations, form

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington : National Academy of Sciences, 1974.

Language Note:

English

Contents:

Amphibians

Copyright

Preface

Contents

I Introduction

A. GENERAL COMMENTS

B. THE NEED

1. The Demand

2. The Supply

a. The Natural Resource

b. Artificial Culture

3. Recommendations

C. USERS OF AMPHIBIANS

D. LABORATORY-DEFINED AMPHIBIANS

II Classification and Description of Amphibians Commonly Used for Laboratory Research

A. PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION

B. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES COMMONLY USED IN LABORATORY RESEARCH

1. Urodeles

a. Ambystoma (2N = 28

ZW - ZZ , but two triploid species are known)

b. Notophthalmus viridescens (2N = 22

ZW - ZZ)

c. Necturus maculosus (2N = 24

2. Anurans

a. Xenopus laevis (2N = 36

b. Rana catesbeiana (2N = 26

XX - XY)

c. Rana grylio (2N = 26

d. Rana clamitans (2N = 26

e. Rana pipiens (2N = 26

f. Rana palustris (2N = 26

g. Rana sylvatica (2N = 26

h. Bufo marinus (2N = 22

i. Bombina orientalis (2N = 24

III Definition and Description of Experimental Amphibians

A. INTRODUCTION

B. DEFINITION

1. Wild

2. Wild Caught

a. Nonconditioned

b. Conditioned

3. Laboratory-Reared

a. Standard

b. Miscellaneous

4. Laboratory-Bred

C. DESCRIPTION OF LABORATORY-REARED AND LABORATORY-BRED AMPHIBIANS

1. Types of Populations and Lines

a. Random Mating Lines

b. Heterozygous Isogenic Clones

c. Heterozygous Marked Lines

d. Mutant Lines

e. Inbred Lines

f. Gynogenetic Diploid Lines

g. Homozygous Lines

h. Haploid Animals

i. Polyploid Animals

2. Sex Determination and Its Manipulation

3. Species of Laboratory-Reared or Laboratory-Bred Amphibians Available in the United States

a. Anurans

b. Urodeles

IV Sources

A. SELECTION.

B. DEALER CARE

C. ORDERING, SHIPPING, AND RECEIVING

1. Ordering

2. Shipping

3. Receiving

a. Aquatic Amphibians

b. Terrestrial Amphibians

D. LEGAL ASPECTS

V Physical Facilities

A. RELATION TO NATURAL HABITAT

B. THE AMPHIBIAN QUARTERS

1. General Description

a. Isolation Quarters

b. Heating, Ventilation, and Size Specifications for Rooms

c. Description of Ancillary Rooms

d. General Specifications

2. Environmental Control

a. Water

b. Temperature

c. Lighting

C. ENCLOSURES

1. Embryos: Fertilization through Initiation of Feeding

2. Larvae

3. Juveniles

a. At Metamorphic Climax

b. Postmetamorphic

4. Adult Enclosures (Evaluation Criteria)

5. Hibernation Quarters

6. Enclosure Designs

a. The Amphibian Facility of The University of Michigan

b. The R. catesbeiana Facility at Louisiana State University

c. Southern Frog Company (J. M. Priddy, Dumas, Arkansas)

d. The Aquatic Animal Facility of Arizona State University

VI Amphibian Management and Laboratory Care

B. ANURANS

1. Ranidae

a. R. pipiens

b. R. caresbeiana

c. Other Ranid Species

2 Other Anurans

a. Xenopus

b. Bufo

c. Bombina orientalis

C. URODELA

1. Axolotls (Neotenic Larvae of Ambystoma mexicanum)

a. Early Larvae

b. Mature Larvae

2. Other Urodeles

VII Breeding

A. ANURANS

1. General Comments

a. Sexing

b. Readiness for Reproduction

c. Identification of Individuals

2. Artificial Induction of Ovulation

3. Amplexus

4. Artificial Insemination

5. Parthenogenetic Lines and Haploid Animals

6. Nomozygous Lines and Androgenesis

7. Polyploid Animals

8. Mosaic Animals

9. Nuclear Transplantation

10. Xenopus

Procurement of Gametes

Artificial Insemination

B. URODELES

1. Mating

2. Spawning.

3. Artificial Insemination

4. Initial Care of Embryos

VIII Records and Information Control

A. IDENTIFICATION ON INDIVIDUALS

1. Numbering

2. Tattooing

3. Branding

4. Toe Clipping

5. Other Marking Systems

6. Drawings and Photographs

B. INFORMATION CONTROL SYSTEMS

IX Amphibian Medicine

B. BACTERIAL DISEASES

1. Pathogens

2. Drug Selection and Administration

3. Identifying Diseased Frogs

4. The Need for Treatment

C. VIRAL DISEASES

2. Lucké Tumor Herpesvirus (LTHV)

3. Amphibian Polyhedral Cytoplasmic Deoxyribovirus (PCDV)

4. Lymphosarcoma Virus of Xenopus

D. PARASITIC DISEASES

E. MYCOTIC DISEASES

F. EUTHANASIA AND ANESTHESIA

X Personnel

B. SAFETY HAZARDS

1. Physical

2. Biological

Appendix A Status of "Endangered" Amphibians

Appendix B Control Laws by States and Canadian Provinces

UNITED STATES

CANADIAN PROVINCES

References.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliography: p. 143-153.

ISBN:

9786610246397

9781280246395

1280246391

9780309540155

0309540151

9780585144375

0585144370

OCLC:

44961625