A risk-management strategy for PCB-contaminated sediments / Committee on Remediation of PCB-Contaminated Sediments, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Division on Life and Earth Studies, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Remediation of PCB-Contaminated Sediments.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Contaminated sediments--Environmental aspects--United States.

Contaminated sediments.

Polychlorinated biphenyls--Environmental aspects--United States.

Polychlorinated biphenyls.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (452 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. ; [Great Britain] : National Academy Press, c2001.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This book provides a risk-based framework for developing and implementing strategies to manage PCB-contaminated sediments at sites around the country. The framework has seven stages, beginning with problem definition, continuing through assessment of risks and management options, and ending with an evaluation of the success of the management strategy. At the center of the framework is continuous and active involvement of all affected parties--particularly communities--in the development, implementation, and evaluation of the management strategy. A Risk-Management Strategy for PCB-Contaminated Sediments emphasizes the need to consider all risks at a contaminated site, not just human health and ecological effects, but also the social, cultural, and economic impacts. Given the controversy that has arisen at many PCB-contaminated sites, this book provides a consistent, yet flexible, approach for dealing with the many issues associated with assessing and managing the risks at Superfund and other contaminated sites.

Contents:

Preface

Contents

Executive Summary

Background

The Committee's Task

The Committee's Approach

Major Conclusions and Recommendations

Discussion

1 Introduction

Overview of PCBs In Sediments

Report Organization

Reference

2 PCBs In The Environment

Defining PCBs

History of PCBs

Distribution and Dynamics of PCBs In The Environment

Potential Exposure Pathways

Toxicity of PCBs

Mode of Actionpotential Human Health Effects of PCBs

The Potential Ecological Impacts of PCBs

Weathering of PCBs

Conclusions and Recommendations

References

3 The Framework

Risk-Management Framework

Rationale For and Advantages of the Framework

Outline of the Risk-Management Framework

4 Community Involvement

Specific Community Concerns

Defining The Community

"Stakeholders" versus "Affected Parties"

The need for Community Involvement

Benefits of Community Involvement

Involving The Community

Build A Working Relationship With The Community

Establish Trust and Respect Between All Parties

Involve the Community as a Respected Partner

Empowerment

Communication

Commitment

Process Transparency

Community Outreach and Education

The Role of Regulatory Agencies

Mechanisms For Involving The Community

5 Defining The Problem and Setting Management Goals

Defining The Problem

Public Health Problems

Ecological Problems - social Impacts

Cultural Impacts

Economic Impacts

Site Assessment

Sources of PCBs

Characterization of Present Contamination

Co-Contaminants

Setting Risk-Management Goals

6 Analyzing Risks

Environmental Risk Assessment

Problem Formulation

Analysis Phase

PCB Exposure Assessment

Field Monitoring

Accumulation of PCBs In Sediments

Accumulation of PCBs In Benthic Organisms and Fish

PCB Exposure Models

Hydrodynamic Transport

Sediment Transport

Organic Carbon

PCB Transport and Fate

PCB Bioaccumulation

Summary of Exposure Modeling Results

PCB Effects Assessment

Congener-Specific Exposure and Effects

Toxicity Equivalent Values

Biota-Sediment-Accumulation-Factor Values

Effects of PCBs on Wildlife

Toxicity Results For Lower Trophic Organisms

Toxicity Results For Fish

Toxicity Results For Birds

Toxicity Results For Nonhuman Mammals

Summary of Effects In Wildlife

Human Health Effects From PCBs

Cancer

Limitations of Human Health Risk Assessments For PCBs.

Notes:

"This project was supported by Grant No. R 827175-01 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"-T.p. verso.

ISBN:

9786610185078

9780309133012

0309133017

9781280185076

1280185074

9780309588737

0309588731

OCLC:

923273397