Factors affecting contraceptive use in Sub-Saharan Africa / Working Group on Factors Affecting Contraceptive Use, Panel on the Population Dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa, Committee on Population, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

National Research Council (U.S.). Working Group on Factors Affecting Contraceptive Use.

Series:

Population dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Population dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Contraception--Africa, Sub-Saharan.

Contraception.

Birth control--Africa, Sub-Saharan.

Birth control.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (1 PDF file (xv, 252 pages)) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1993.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Discusses trends in contraceptive use, socioeconomic and program variables that affect the demand for and supply of children, and the relationship of increased contraceptive use to fertility declines.

Contents:

Intro

FACTORS AFFECTING CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SUB-SAHARANAFRICA

Copyright

Preface

Contents

Executive Summary

KEY ISSUES

FINDINGS

1 Introduction

THE CONTRACEPTIVE REVOLUTION IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD

CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Historical Factors Leading to High Fertility

Family Planning Initiatives

Potential Effect of AIDS on Contraceptive Use

Implications of the Rise in Contraceptive Use

LEVELS OF SOCIOECONOMIC ORGANIZATION AFFECTING CONTRACEPTIVE USE

National Level

Regional Level

Community, Kinship, and Household

Individual Level

ORGANIZATION OF REPORT

2 Levels and Trends in Contraceptive Use

SOURCES OF DATA ON CONTRACEPTIVE USE

DEFINITION OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE

PREVALENCE OF CURRENT CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SELECTED COUNTRIES

Results from Demographic and Health Surveys Conducted from 1986 to 1990

Results of WFS, CPS, and Other Surveys, 1975-1990

Trends in Modern Contraceptive Prevalence

Differentials in Use

Reason for Use: Spacing Versus Limiting

OTHER INDICATORS RELATED TO CONTRACEPTIVE PRACTICE

Ever Use of a Modern Method

Discontinuation

Knowledge of a Modern Contraceptive Method

Sources of Modern Contraceptive Methods

Fertility Preferences

RESULTS FROM MALE SURVEYS

CONCLUSION

3 The Socioeconomic Context

SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS OF FERTILITY

National-Level Relationships

Mortality

Educational Attainment of Adults

Schooling of Children: The Quantity-Quality Trade-Off

The Combined Relation of Per Capita Income, Mortality, Education, and Fertility

Household-Level Research

EVIDENCE ON CHANGES IN CHILD MORTALITY

Links to Fertility

EVIDENCE ON CHANGES IN THE QUANTITY-QUALITY TRADE-OFF

Opportunity Costs of Schooling

Direct Costs

Perceived Benefits of Schooling.

ECONOMIC STAGNATION AND ADJUSTMENT: EFFECTS ON FERTILITY

Access to Education and Health

Consequences for Human Capital Investment

Summary

4 The Household, Kinship, and Community Context

THE HIGH-FERTILITY RATIONALE: AN OVERVIEW

LINEAGE AND DESCENT

The Predominant View of African Lineages and Descent

Distinction Between Patrilineal and Matrilineal Societies

An Alternative Perspective

Summary of the Implications of Lineage Orientation

KIN NETWORKS AND CHILD FOSTERING

Child Fostering

Fostering of Young Children

Fostering of Older Children

Summary of the Implications of Child Fostering

THE CONJUGAL BOND

Separate Residence

Separate Economic Responsibilities and Resources

Evidence for Emotional Nucleation

Implications of the Weak Conjugal Bond

PROSPECTS FOR CHANGE

Land

Schooling and Child Costs

Economic Crises and Their Aftermath

Contraceptive Innovators

LOCAL SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AND THE DIFFUSION OF FAMILY PLANNING

National Female Political Associations

Market Associations

Local Women's Groups

Local Government

5 Family Planning Programs and Policies

THE AFRICAN CONTEXT FOR POPULATION AND FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS

Weak Policy Support

Relatively Late Program Implementation

Generally Inadequate Resources

Weak Absorptive Capacity

Interregional Disparities

INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL INFLUENCES ON POPULATION POLICY DEVELOPMENT

HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS

First Stage: Pioneers

Second Stage: Mixed Private and Public Activities and Service Expansion

Third Stage: Increasing Consolidation of Service Delivery

Fourth Stage: Effects on Fertility

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED COUNTRIES

Countries with Programs Demonstrating the Most Success to Date

Kenya.

Botswana and Zimbabwe

Countries with Historical Variation in Policy Development and Program Implementation

Ghana

Nigeria

Uganda

Countries with Consistently Weak Support for National Family Planning Programs

Sudan

Mali

Zaire

Countries Where Rapid Progress in Family Planning May Occur

Rwanda

Niger

MAJOR DONORS FOR POPULATION ACTIVITIES

LESSONS LEARNED FROM PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS

Evidence of Demand for Fertility Regulation Services in Diverse Settings

A Range of Service Delivery Strategies Have Been Successful

Pilot and Operations Research Projects Have Contributed Substantially

Family Planning Effort Is Associated With Contraceptive Prevalence19

Access to Family Planning Is Associated With Contraceptive Prevalence

Donor Support Is Essential

New Mechanisms Are Needed to Increase Resources

Project and Program Success Needs to Be Interpreted Broadly

PRIVATE VERSUS PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY, INCLUDING SOCIAL MARKETING

THE IMPACT OF AIDS ON FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM ACTIVITY

6 Regional Analysis of Contraceptive Use

FEMALE EDUCATION AND CONTRACEPTIVE PRACTICE

Ideal Family Size

Knowledge and Use of Modern Contraceptive Methods

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE USE

Relationships Among Background Variables

Relative Importance of These Background Variables in Contraceptive Practice

Conclusions

7 Contribution of Modern Contraceptive Use Relative to Postpartum Practices to Fertility Decline

THE TWO-PHASED FERTILITY TRANSITION

Regional Patterns of Nuptiality

Regional Patterns of Postpartum Infecundability

Role of Education in the Two-Phased Transition

CONTRACEPTION, NONSUSCEPTIBILITY, AND FERTILITY DECLINE

THE UNCERTAIN FUTURE

8 Conclusions

RESEARCH GAPS.

Levels and Trends in Contraceptive Use-Contraceptive Discontinuation

Socioeconomic Context

Effects of Economic Downturns

Effects of Child Mortality and AIDS on Demand for Children and Attitudes Toward Family Planning

Costs of Investments in Children, Including Education

Female Education, Income, and Contraceptive Use

Community/Kinship/Household

Extent of Nucleation of the Family and Child Fostering

Quantification of Kinship Factors

Local Social Organization and the Diffusion of Family Planning

Population Policies and Program Implementation-Service Availability at the Regional Level

Appendix A Adapting the Easterlin-Crimmins Synthesis Model to Sub-Saharan Conditions

DEMAND FOR BIRTHS

SUPPLY OF BIRTHS

Appendix B Sample Sizes for the WFS and DHS Regional Files

References.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references (p. 233-252).

ISBN:

9786610196074

9781280196072

1280196076

9780309585927

0309585929

9780585143408

0585143404

OCLC:

44955282