Body composition and physical performance : applications for the military services / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Bernadette M. Marriott, Judith Grumstrup-Scott, editors.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Institute of Medicine (U.S.) Committee on Military Nutrition Research., Corporate Author.

Contributor:

Marriott, Bernadette M.

Grumstrup-Scott, Judith.

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Military Nutrition Research

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Physical fitness.

Body composition.

Physical Description:

xiv, 356 p. : ill.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, DC : National Academy Press, 1992.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This book surveys the entire field of body composition as it relates to performance. It includes a clear definition of terminology and a discussion of the various methods for measuring body composition. The authored papers represent a state-of-the-art review of this controversial field and address questions such as: What is a better measure of body composition--body fat or lean body mass? Does being overweight for one's height really affect performance? The book also addresses the issue of physical appearance as it relates to body fatness and performance. It includes an in-depth discussion of many of the topics of interest to those involved in sports medicine and exercise physiology.

Contents:

Body Composition and Physical Performance

Copyright

PREFACE

FOCUS OF THE REPORT

HISTORY OF THE COMMITTEE

COMMITTEE TASK AND PROCEDURES

Acknowledgments

Contents

PART I OVERVIEW

1 Introduction and Background

THE COMMITTEE'S TASK

CURRENT PHYSICAL STANDARDS FOR ACCESSION AND RETENTION IN THE MILITARY

Accession Standards

Retention Standards

PROCEDURES USED BY THE MILITARY SERVICES FOR FAILURE TO MEET PHYSICAL OR PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

METHODS FOR ASSESSING BODY COMPOSITION

Definition of Terms

Anthropometric Measurements

Densitometry

Bioelectric Impedance Analysis

Options Requiring Major Equipment Or Time

FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE BODY COMPOSITION

Age

Gender

Race and Ethnic Group

BODY WEIGHT, COMPOSITION, AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE

Does Being Overweight Impair Military Performance?

Running ability, sit-ups, and push-ups

Load Carrying Ability and Lifting

RELATIONSHIP OF LEAN BODY MASS VERSUS BODY FATNESS TO PERFORMANCE OF PHYSICAL TASKS

RELATIONSHIP OF BODY COMPOSITION AND INJURY

RELATIONSHIP OF BODY COMPOSITION TO HEALTH

BODY COMPOSITION AND MILITARY APPEARANCE

ASSESSING BODY COMPOSITION FOR INDIVIDUALS WHO FAIL TO MEET MILITARY STANDARDS

COMMENTS ON BODY COMPOSITION STANDARDS

References

2 Conclusions and Recommendations

CONCLUSIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS

AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

PART II INVITED PAPERS

3 Body Composition And Military Performance: Origins Of The Army Standards

INTRODUCTION

THE CURRENT ARMY WEIGHT CONTROL PROGRAM: POLICY AND GOALS

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY ACCESSION STANDARDS

Physical Standards In Relation To The Demand For Soldiers

Early Scientific Investigations Of Soldier Physique

Standards Of Physique In The Civil War: Eye Of The Physician

Published Standards For Physician Guidance.

WORLD WAR II HEIGHT-WEIGHT STANDARDS

Development Of Current Accession Standards

RETENTION STANDARDS IN THE MILITARY

Potbellies And The Army Weight Control Program

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DIRECTIVE 1308.1 AND THE U.S. ARMY BODY FAT STANDARDS

Development Of Army Body Fat Equations

4 Body Composition In The Military Services: Standards And Methods

BACKGROUND

BODY COMPOSITION STANDARDS

Body Composition And Physical Performance

Body Composition And Appearance

Body Composition And Health

BODY COMPOSITION MEASUREMENT

Reliability And Trainability

Equation Validity

U.S. Army

U.S. Navy

U.S. Marine Corps

U.S. Air Force

Cross-Validation

SUMMARY

5 Effects of Experimental Alterations in Excess Weight On Physiological Responses To Exercise and Physical Per ...

EXCESS WEIGHT, AEROBIC CAPACITY AND RUNNING PERFORMANCE

RUNNING PERFORMANCE, METABOLIC RESPONSES AND GENDER DIFFERENCES

PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE, BODY FAT AND WOMEN ATHLETES

6 Army Data: Body Composition and Physical Capacity

DESIGN AND METHODS

RESULTS

Body Composition and Performance Capacity Related To Age

Performance Capacity in Relation To Body Composition

Relationship To Fitness Standards

DISCUSSION

7 The Relationship Of Body Size And Composition To The Performance Of Physically Demanding Military Tasks

Associations Among Body Fat, Load Carriage Ability, And Running Performance

Association Of Lean Body Mass With Military Performance

Discussion And Conclusions

8 New Approaches To Body Composition Evaluation And Some Relationships To Dynamic Muscular Strength

NEW APPROACHES TO BODY COMPOSITION EVALUATION

Estimating Excess Body Fat From Changes In Abdominal Girth.

Calculation Of Excess Abdominal Girth

The Ag Method During Body Mass Loss By Exercise Plus Diet

The Ag Method During Body Mass Loss By Diet Only

THE BODY PROFILE: AN ENHANCEMENT OF THE SOMATOGRAM

Original Somatogram Calculations

Ponderal Sornatogram Calculation

SOME RELATIONSHIPS TO DYNAMIC MUSCULAR STRENGTH

Experimental Procedures

Anthropometric Assessment

Calculations

Results

Anthropometry

Correlations

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

9 Associations Among Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Injury in Men and Women Army Trainees

TWO ARMY STUDIES OF BODY COMPOSITION, FITNESS, AND INJURY

Methods

Subjects

Prescreening Measures

Medical Follow-Up

Physical Training

Analysis

Correlation of Percent Bf and Body Mass Index

Past Activity Level and Body Composition

Body Composition and Physical Performance

Prediction of Endurance Performance

Injuries

Body Composition And Injury

Physical Fitness And Injury

Physical Activity And Injury

Gender, Physical Fitness And Risk Of Injury

Discussion

Correlation Between Body Composition And Physical Fitness

Predicting Endurance

Risks Of Injury

Association Between Body Composition And Risk Of Injury

Association Of Physical Fitness With Risk Of Injury

Association Of Physical Activity And Risk Of Injury

Gender, Physical Fitness, And Risk Of Injury

Conclusion

10 Body Composition, Morbidity, And Mortality

METHODS OF MEASURING BODY COMPOSITION

ACCURACY OF MEASUREMENTS

USING A FOUR-COMPARTMENT MODEL FOR STUDIES OF BODY COMPOSITION

ASSOCIATIONS AMONG BODY COMPOSITION, DISEASE AND DEATH

Bone

Fat-Free Mass

Excess Adipose Tissue

Measuring Body Fat

Distribution Of Body Fat In Adults

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

References.

11 Critique of the Military's Approach To Body Composition Assessment and Evaluation

APPROACHES

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

12 Body Composition and Performance in Relation To Environment

DEFINITION OF OBESITY

PERFORMANCE IN COMFORTABLE CLIMATES

Physical Performance

Resting Metabolism

Endurance Activities

Lifting and Carrying

Underwater Activity

Size Problems

Poor Health

OTHER IMPLICATIONS OF OBESITY

HOT AND COLD ENVIRONMENTS

13 Sex Differences and Ethnic/Racial Differences in Body Size and Body Composition

SEX DIFFERENCES IN BODY SIZE AND BODY COMPOSITION

ETHNIC AND RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN BODY MASS AND BODY COMPOSITION

RELEVANT EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF FATNESS AND FITNESS

APPENDIX

PART III COMMITTEE DISCUSSION PAPER

14 Body Composition Measurement: Accuracy, Validity, and Comparability

METHODS AND ASSUMPTIONS

Measurement and Definitions in Body Composition

Obesity Prevalence, Age Effects and Weight Fluctuations

Population Based Data

Individual-Based Data

RESEARCH APPLICATIONS

APPENDIXES

A Accession Standards for the Military Services

Chapter 2 Physical Standards for Enlistment, Appointment, and Induction

2-1. General

2-2. Application and Responsibilities

a. Application.

2-21. Height

2-22. Weight

2-23. Body Build

(4) Navy Health and Physical Readiness Program

B Retention Standards for the Military Services

Section I Introduction

1. Purpose

2. References

3. Explanation of Abbreviations and Terms

4. Objectives

Section II Responsibilities

5. General

Section III Weight Control

20. Policy

21. Procedures

22. Reenlistment Criteria.

Ar 600-9 Update: Appendix B Standard Methods For Determining Body Fat Using Body Circumferences, Height And We ...

B-1. Introduction

B-2. Height and Weight Measurements

B-3. Description of Circumference Sites, and Their Anatomical Landmarks and Technique

B-4. Circumference Sites and Landmarks for Males

B-5. Circumference Sites and Landmarks for Females

B-6. Preparation of the Body Fat Content Worksheets

B-7. Steps For Preparing the Male Body Fat Content Worksheet, DA Form 5000-R, Dec 85

Step 1. Abdominal Measurement

Step 2. Neck Measurement

Step 3. Average Abdominal Measurement

Step 4. Average Neck Measurement

Step 5. Abdomen-Neck Difference

Step 6. Abdomen-Neck Factor

Step 7. Height Factor

Step 8. Percent Body Fat

B-8.

Step 1.

Step 2. Height Factor

Step 3. Hip Measurement

Step 4. Forearm Measurement

Step 5. Neck Measurement

Step 6. Wrist Measurement

Step 7. Hip Factor

Step 8. Forearm Factor

Step 9. Neck Factor

Step 10. Wrist Factor

Line C. Addition Of Weight And Hip Factors

Line H. Addition Of Height, Forearm, Neck, And Wrist Factors

Line I. Percent Body Fat

Body Composition Determination Procedure

Chapter 1

Chapter 2 Air Force Weight Program

Section A-The Weight Program

2-1. Introduction.

2-2. The Weight Program:

2-13. Individual Responsibilities.

Section C- Weight Standards and Maximum Allowable Weight (Maw) Standard Adjustments

2-15. Weight Standards.

2-16. Maximum Allowable Weight (MAW) Standard Adjustments.

2-17. Appeal Procedures for MAW Adjustments.

Section D- Weight Program Requirements

2-18. Weight Program Requirements.

2-19. Weight Checks, Height Measurements, and Scale Calibration:.

2-20. Permanent Change of Station (PCS) or Permanent Change of Assignment (PCA) Procedures.

Notes:

"S450"--T.p. verso.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9786610211876

9781280211874

1280211873

9780309557337

030955733X

9780585144313

0585144311

OCLC:

830028874