Space science in the twenty-first century : imperatives for the decades 1995 to 2015 : report of the study steering group / Space Science Board, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council Staff, Corporate Author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Space sciences.

Astronomy.

Cosmic physics.

Space biology.

Planets--Exploration.

Planets.

Relativity (Physics).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (149 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Other Title:

Solar and space physics

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1988.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

From the interior of the Sun, to the upper atmosphere and near-space environment of Earth, and outward to a region far beyond Pluto where the Sun's influence wanes, advances during the past decade in space physics and solar physics--the disciplines NASA refers to as heliophysics--have yielded spectacular insights into the phenomena that affect our home in space. Solar and Space Physics , from the National Research Council's (NRC's) Committee for a Decadal Strategy in Solar and Space Physics, is the second NRC decadal survey in heliophysics. Building on the research accomplishments realized during the past decade, the report presents a program of basic and applied research for the period 2013-2022 that will improve scientific understanding of the mechanisms that drive the Sun's activity and the fundamental physical processes underlying near-Earth plasma dynamics, determine the physical interactions of Earth's atmospheric layers in the context of the connected Sun-Earth system, and enhance greatly the capability to provide realistic and specific forecasts of Earth's space environment that will better serve the needs of society. Although the recommended program is directed primarily at NASA and the National Science Foundation for action, the report also recommends actions by other federal agencies, especially the parts of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration charged with the day-to-day (operational) forecast of space weather. In addition to the recommendations included in this summary, related recommendations are presented in this report.

Contents:

Space Science in the Twenty-First Century: Imperatives for the Decades 1995 To 2015

Copyright

Foreword

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Scientific Objectives

SOLAR PHYSICS

PHYSICS OF THE HELIOSPHERE

MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

UPPER ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS

SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL COUPLING

COMPARATIVE PLANETARY STUDIES

3 Status Expected in 1995

SOLAR AND HELIOSPHERIC PHYSICS

Sources of Plasma

Sources of Power

Generation of Plasma Waves and Radio Emissions

The Terrestrial Magnetosphere as a System

Solar-Terrestrial Research

UPPER ATMOSPHERE SCIENCE

Global Electric Circuit

PLANETARY SPACE PHYSICS

Interaction with Unmagnetized, Atmosphereless Bodies

Deflection by Planetary Magnetospheres

Plasma-Atmosphere Interactions

SUMMARY

4 New Initiatives: 1995 to 2015

Local Measurements in the Solar Atmosphere

High-Latitude Solar Studies

Outer Coronal Physics

1-AU Observing Network

Additional Solar and Heliospheric Studies

Interstellar Probe

Scientific Measurements

TERRESTRIAL MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

Imaging of the Earth's Magnetosphere

Plasma-Dust Interactions

Active Experiments: Gas-Plasma Interactions

Injections of Plasma Waves and Particle Beams

TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS

Upper Atmosphere Science

Space Station Atmospheric Studies

Global Current Missions

PLANETARY SCIENCE

Mars's Aeronomy and Magnetosphere

Mercury's Magnetosphere

Jupiter's Ionosphere/Magnetosphere and Tail

SUMMARY OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT NEEDS

5 Summary of Technology Development Needs

SOLAR AND HELIOSPHERIC

Appendixes

Appendix A Workshop on Imaging of the Earth's Magnetosphere

Workshop Participants

A.1 Introduction.

A.2 Imaging of the Auroral Oval: Present Status and Future Needs

A.3 Prospects for Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging of Plasma in the Magnetosphere

Plasmaspheric and Magnetospheric Boundaries

Locations for Observing Stations

Lidar

A.4 Prospects for Neutral Particle Imaging of Planetary Magnetospheres

Background

Expected Results

A.5 Conclusions and Recommendations

Appendix B Excerpts from the Final Report of the Jupiter Polar Orbiter Workshop

B.1 Motivation, Goals, and Conclusions and Recommendations

Major Conclusion

Major Recommendations

B.2 Mission Design Options: Orbits, Lifetimes, and Science Capabilities

B.3 Science Issues

Introduction

Io and Europa

Io's Aeronomy

Io-Torus Coupling

High-Energy Particles

Sources

Acceleration

Precipitation, Aurora, and the Stably Trapped Limit

Satellite Sweeping Signatures

Io and Its Torus

Inner Zone

Radio Astronomy

Rings

Jovian Aeronomy

Jovian Atmosphere

Jupiter's Interior-Magnetic Field

Jovian Interior: Gravitational Field

B.4 Conclusions and Recommendations

Scientific Justification

Mission Design Feasibility

Major Measurement Objectives (Moving from Outermost to Innermost)

Instrument Requirements

Recommendations

Appendix: List of Participants

Workshop Organizers

Workshop Sponsors

JPO Workshop Participants and Post-Workshop Contributors

Appendix C Excerpts from the Draft Report of the Workshop on Plasma Physics Research on the Space Station

Plasma Processes Laboratory

Appendix D Probing Fundamental Astrophysical Scales with High-Resolution Observations of the Sun: Prospects for the…

The Role of Small-Scale Processes in the Solar Atmosphere

Examples on the Sun of Small-Scale Processes of Astrophysical Importance.

Atmospheric Dynamics and Magnetic Fields on Small Spatial Scales

Fine Structure and Dynamics of Flares

Plasma Heating and Microflares

Observational Considerations

High-Resolution Imaging in the EUV

Detectors

Multilayer Coatings for Normal Incidence Optics

High-Resolution Imaging

Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Imaging

Glancing Incidence Optics

Primary Figure Correction and Control

Resolution Enhancement Techniques

Aperture Synthesis (AS)

Speckle Imaging

Deconvolution

Interferometry

Pointing Systems

Siting

Near-Sun Orbit

Heliosynchronous Orbit

Lunar Basing

Solar Orbit at 1 AU

Earth Orbit-Free Flyer

Manned Vehicles-Space Shuttle

Space Station

Prospects and Limitations of Ground-Based observations

Radio Interferometry

High-Angular-Resolution Optical Imaging from the Ground

Long-Baseline Optical Interferometry

Summary and Conclusions

Appendix: List of Participants.

Notes:

Support for this project was provided by Contract NASW-3482 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

ISBN:

1-280-21485-6

9786610214853

0-309-59474-X

0-585-08584-6

OCLC:

832175125