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Urban change and poverty / Michael G.H. McGeary and Laurence E. Lynn, Jr., editors ; Committee on National Urban Policy, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council.
- Format:
- Book
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Urban policy--United States--Congresses.
- Urban policy.
- Urban poor--United States--Congresses.
- Urban poor.
- Urban economics--Congresses.
- Urban economics.
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (x, 379 pages) : illustrations
- Edition:
- 1st ed.
- Place of Publication:
- Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1988.
- Language Note:
- English
- Summary:
- This up-to-date review of the critical issues confronting cities and individuals examines the policy implications of the difficult problems that will affect the future of urban America. Among the topics covered are the income, opportunities, and quality of life of urban residents; family structure, poverty, and the underclass; the redistribution of people and jobs in urban areas; urban economic growth patterns; fiscal conditions in large cities; and essays on governance and the deteriorating state of cities' aging infrastructures.
- Contents:
- Urban Change and Poverty
- Copyright
- PREFACE
- Contents
- PART I COMMITTEE REPORT
- Overview
- SUMMARY FINDINGS
- Well-Being and Poverty
- Urban Economies
- Urban Finance
- Urban Governance
- Infrastructure
- SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS
- Urban Economies: Long-Term Transformation and Regional Disparities
- Urban Finances: Healthier Than in the Recent Past
- Urban Poverty: Growing More Concentrated
- ECONOMIC STATUS
- CENTRAL-CITY POVERTY
- CHANGES IN FAMILY STRUCTURE
- Feminization of Poverty
- Growth of Female-Headed Families
- THE URBAN UNDERCLASS
- SUMMARY
- Urban Economic Trends
- URBAN GROWTH
- THE LARGEST CITIES
- COMPARISONS AMONG METROPOLITAN COUNTIES
- Urban Fiscal Conditions
- RECENT FISCAL TRENDS
- Trends in Urban Governance
- Urban Infrastructure
- NATIONAL EXPENDITURE TRENDS
- INFRASTRUCTURE CONDITION
- TAX-EXEMPT BOND MARKETS
- Policy Implications
- URBAN POVERTY
- REGIONAL DECLINE
- URBAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- REFERENCES
- Appendix A: Regional Classifications
- Appendix B: Workshop Participants
- PART II BACKGROUND PAPERS
- Income, Opportunities, and Quality of Life of Urban Residents
- CITIES AND ECONOMIC WELL-BEING
- TRADITIONAL MEASURES OF WELL-BEING
- Large Metropolitan Areas
- Central-City, Suburban, Small Metropolitan, and Rural Areas
- Residential Area, Family, and Race
- Residential Area, Age, Earnings, and Transfers
- EARNINGS DETERMINATION
- Framework
- Empirical Model and Results
- QUALITY-OF-LIFE COMPARISONS
- Economic Status and Quality Of Life
- Labor Markets, Housing Markets, and Quality Of Life
- Quality of Life In Metropolitan Areas
- CONCLUSIONS
- References
- Family Structure, Poverty, and the Underclass
- INTRODUCTION AND CONCLUSIONS
- PREVALENCE, GROWTH, AND CAUSES OF MOTHER-ONLY FAMILIES.
- Increases in Welfare Benefits
- Changes in Women's Employment
- Changes in Men's Employment
- THE FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY
- Low Earnings of Single Mothers
- Inadequate Child Support
- Low Welfare Payments
- THE UNDERCLASS
- Defining the Underclass
- Weak Attachment to the Labor Force
- Persistence and Social Isolation
- Are Female-Headed Families Part of the Underclass?
- Persistent, Weak Attachment to the Labor Force
- Intergenerational Dependence
- Ghettoization
- RECENT PUBLIC POLICIES REGARDING FAMILIES HEADED BY SINGLE WOMEN
- Reduction in Benefits
- Work Requirements
- Child Support
- Jobs, Migration, and Emerging Urban Mismatches
- COMPETITIVE EFFECTS AND REGIONAL GROWTH
- TRANSFORMING URBAN ECONOMIES
- WIDENING DEMOGRAPHIC-EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY MISMATCHES IN CITIES
- CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY ISSUES
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- Refferences
- Local Area Economic Growth Patterns: A Comparison Of The 1980s And Previous Decades
- MSA/NON-MSA GROWTH PATTERNS
- Industrial Bases of Area Growth
- Non-Msa Areas
- Msa Areas
- MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREA PATTERNS
- FURTHER AREA DISAGGREGATION
- Summary Growth Patterns
- Sources of Total Personal Income
- SUMMARY REVIEW AND POLICY OUTLOOK
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- Fiscal Conditions in Large American Cities, 1971-1984
- BACKGROUND
- MEASURING URBAN FISCAL CONDITIONS
- The Local View
- The National View
- Developing Alternative Measures of Fiscal Condition
- Sources of Information
- Presentation of Financial Information
- New Approaches to Measuring Fiscal Condition
- RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS
- General Fund Results of Operation
- General Fund Balance-Sheet Condition
- A Broader View of the 1980s
- Operating Results
- Liquidity
- Effects of Changes in Federal Aid
- Capital Spending
- Categorizing the Cities by Financial Condition
- CONCLUSIONS.
- References
- State Fiscal Conditions
- MEASURES OF STATE FISCAL CONDITIONS
- STATE FISCAL CONDITIONS IN RECENT YEARS
- Economic Trends
- Tax Policies
- Federal Aid
- STATE AND TO LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
- OUTLOOK FOR STATE FISCAL CONDITIONS
- Urban Infrastructure: Problems and Solutions
- WHAT IS INFRASTRUCTURE, AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
- Why Is It Infrastructure?
- Why Is It Public?
- Infrastructure's Role in Fostering Economic Growth and Employment
- Functional View of Infrastructure
- Caveats About Economic Growth
- DIFFERENT PUBLIC ROLES
- Public Versus Private
- State and Local Versus Federal
- Current Roles
- Development Stages
- Regulations
- The Development of Current Public Roles
- Historical Background
- Highways
- Water Supply
- Wastewater Treatment
- Mass Transit
- Aviation
- INFRASTRUCTURE PROBLEMS
- Recent Financial Trends
- Spending by Purpose
- Spending by Level of Government
- DETAILED SPENDING TRENDS BY PURPOSE
- Airports
- Solid Waste
- THE AGING OF INFRASTRUCTURE
- STATE AND LOCAL SOURCES OF PUBLIC WORKS FINANCE
- Intergovernmental Aid
- Trends in the Issuance of State and Local Debt
- Trends in the Use of Own-Source Funds to Finance Public Works
- Aggregate State and Local Own-Source Revenues
- Trends by Source
- ALTERNATIVE MODELS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE SOLUTIONS
- Engineering-Based Model
- Private Investment Model
- Capital Management Model
- SOLUTIONS
- Managing Demand: Low-Capital Solutions
- Better Incentives
- The Shifting of Current Roles
- Better Information and Techniques
- Urban Governance: the New Politics of Entrepreneurship
- CONTINUITIES IN POLICY THEORIES AND PRACTICES
- CHANGES IN THEORIES AND CONSTRAINTS
- PROCESSES OF MOBILIZATION, INCORPORATION AND LEADERSHIP.
- Increases in the Number of Black and Hispanic Elected Officials
- Increases in the Number of Female Elected Officials
- Changes in Urban Political Structures
- PUBLIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS AN ALTERNATIVE POLICY THEORY
- CHALLENGES OF PUBLIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP
- INDEX.
- Notes:
- Based on a workshop conducted by the Committee on National Urban Policy in July 1986.
- Includes bibliographies and index.
- ISBN:
- 9786610215041
- 9781280215049
- 1280215046
- 9780309555227
- 0309555221
- 9780585144191
- 0585144192
- OCLC:
- 940510398
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