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Snow avalanche hazards and mitigation in the United States / Panel on Snow Avalanches, Committee on Ground Failure Hazards Mitigation Research, Division of Natural Hazard Mitigation, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council.
- Format:
- Book
- Author/Creator:
- National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Snow Avalanches.
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Avalanches--United States--Management.
- Avalanches.
- Avalanches--Control--United States.
- Disaster relief--Government policy--United States.
- Disaster relief.
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (96 p.)
- Edition:
- 1st ed.
- Place of Publication:
- Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1990.
- Language Note:
- English
- Summary:
- The present mortality as a result of snow avalanches exceeds the average mortality caused by earthquakes as well as all other forms of slope failure combined. Snow avalanches can range from small amounts of loose snow moving rapidly down a slope to slab avalanches, in which large chunks of snow break off and destroy everything in their path. Although considered a hazard in the United States since the westward expansion in the nineteenth century, in modern times snow avalanches are an increasing concern in recreational mountainous areas. However, programs for snow avalanche hazard mitigation in other countries are far ahead of those in the United States. The book identifies several steps that should be taken by the United States in order to establish guidelines for research, technology transfer, and avalanche legislation and zoning.
- Contents:
- Intro
- Snow Avalanche Hazards and Mitigation in the United States
- Copyright
- Acknowledgments
- Contents
- Executive Summary
- 1 Snow Avalanche Problems
- 2 The Avalanche Phenomenon
- AVALANCHES-A TYPE OF GROUND FAILURE.
- CAUSES OF AVALANCHE RELEASE
- GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF AVALANCHE HAZARD
- ECONOMIC COSTS OF U.S. AVALANCHES
- EXAMPLES OF ECONOMIC IMPACT
- 3 Avalanche Management Policy in the United States
- HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
- CURRENT STATUS.
- COMMENTS
- 4 An International Perspective on Avalanche Management
- LEGISLATION
- HAZARD DELINEATION
- INSURANCE AND DISASTER RELIEF
- 5 Avalanche Control.
- ARTIFICIAL RELEASE OF AVALANCHES
- CONTROLLING THE USE OF EXPLOSIVES
- MAJOR PROBLEMS IN THE USE OF EXPLOSIVES
- MECHANICAL COMPACTION AND DISRUPTION
- STRUCTURAL CONTROL OF AVALANCHES
- NOTES.
- 6 Forecasting Avalanches
- FORECASTING ORGANIZATIONS
- STATE OF THE FORECASTING ART
- 7 Avalanche Research
- INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS
- CURRENT STATUS OF AVALANCHE RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES.
- NOTE
- 8 Problems in Communications
- TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
- EDUCATION
- COMMENTS.
- 9 Conclusions and Recommendations
- NATIONAL LEADERSHIP
- Recommendations
- HAZARD DELINEATION AND REGULATION
- CONTROL MEASURES
- Recommendations.
- FORECASTING
- RESEARCH
- COMMUNICATIONS
- CONCLUDING REMARKS.
- References.
- Notes:
- On cover: Committee on Ground Failure Hazards Mitigation Research, Division of Natural Hazard Mitigation, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council.
- Includes bibliographical references.
- ISBN:
- 9786610212156
- 9781280212154
- 1280212152
- 9780309536516
- 0309536510
- 9780585144054
- 0585144052
- OCLC:
- 44958452
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