Drinking water and health. Volume 3 / Safe Drinking Water Committee, Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Hazards, Assembly of Life Sciences, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council (U.S.), author.

Division on Earth and Life Studies, author.

Life Sciences Commission, author.

Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Hazards, author.

Safe Drinking Water Committee, author.

Contributor:

Division on Earth and Life Studies, author.

Life Sciences Commission, author.

Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Hazards, author.

Safe Drinking Water Committee, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Drinking water--Contamination.

Drinking water.

Drinking water--Health aspects--United States.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xii, 415 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1980.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The most recent volume in the Drinking Water and Health series contains the results of a two-part study on the toxicity of drinking water contaminants. The first part examines current practices in risk assessment, identifies new noncancerous toxic responses to chemicals found in drinking water, and discusses the use of pharmacokinetic data to estimate the delivered dose and response. The second part of the book provides risk assessments for 14 specific compounds, 9 presented here for the first time.

Contents:

Drinking Water and Health Volume 3

Copyright

Contents

Preface

REFERENCES

I Executive Summary

EPIDEMIOLOGY

RISK ESTIMATION

TOXICOLOGY

NUTRITION

REFERENCE

II Epidemiological Studies

CANCER FREQUENCY AND CERTAIN ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS OF DRINKING WATER

Summary and Conclusions

STUDIES BASED ON INDIRECT MEASURES OF WATER QUALITY

Mississippi River-Louisiana, First Study

Mississippi River-Louisiana, Second Study

Ohio River Area, First Study

Ohio River Area, Second Study

Upstate New York

Washington County, Maryland

Los Angeles County

Ohio River, Third Study

Pittsburgh Study

New Jersey Study

Summary

STUDIES BASED ON TRIHALOMETHANE CONCENTRATIONS

Prospects for Further Epidemiological Study

References

WATER HARDNESS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

The Present Status of Knowledge

Recommendations for Alteration of Current Practices

Recommendations for Future Research Priorities

III Problems of Risk Estimation

ACUTE EXPOSURE

QUANTITATIVE EXTRAPOLATION OF TOXICITY FROM LABORATORY ANIMALS TO HUMANS

CHRONIC EXPOSURE

Acceptable Daily Intake

MODELS FOR LOW DOSE CARCINOGENIC RISK ESTIMATION

Dichotomous Response Models

Linear, No-Threshold Model

Tolerance Distribution Models

Logistic Models

''Hitness" Models

Models of Time to Tumor Occurrence

PHARMACOKINETIC CONSIDERATIONS

Dose Effects

Species Considerations

INTERACTION IN RISK ESTIMATION

Theoretical Models for the Joint Actions of Two or More Agents

Epidemiological Risk Assessment

Reliability of Quantitative Risk Estimates

CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY

IV Toxicity of Selected Drinking Water Contaminants

CHEMICALS EVALUATED

ACUTE EXPOSURES

CHRONIC EXPOSURES

CHEMICALS SELECTED BY EPA

Acrylonitrile

Metabolism

Health Aspects.

Observations in Other Species

Conclusions and Recommendations

Antimony

Health Aspects

Observations in Other Species

Benzene

Benzene Hexachloride and Lindane

Bis(2-Chloroethyl)ether

Bis(2-Chloropropyl)ether

Cadmium

Carbon Tetrachloride

Ethylene Dibromide (1,2-Dibromoethane)

Dichlorodifluoromethane

1,2-Dichloroethane

Observations in Humans

Epichlorohydrin

Methylene Chloride

Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Tetrachloroethylene

Thorium

Observations in Other Species.

Conclusions and Recommendations

1,1,1-Trichloroethane

Trichloroethylene

Trichlorofluoromethane

Toluene

Uranium

Xylenes

CHEMICALS SELECTED BY THE CHEMISTRY SUBCOMMITTEE

Bromine/Bromide/Bromate

Bromodichloromethane

Bromoform

Catechol

Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorite, Chlorate, Chloramines

Chlorine Dioxide

Chlorite

Chlorate

Chloramines

Chloramino Acids

Recommendations

Chloroform

Dibromochloromethane

2,4-Dichlorophenol

Glyoxylic Acid, Glyoxal, and Methyl Glyoxal

Hexachlorobenzene

Iodine/Iodide/Iodate

Nonanal

Octanal

Resorcinol

V The Contribution of Drinking Water to Mineral Nutrition in Humans

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS OF MINERAL INTAKE FROM WATER

CALCIUM

Presence in Food and Water

Requirements

Toxicity Versus Essential Levels

Deficiency

Toxicity

Interactions

Contribution of Drinking Water to Calcium Nutrition

Conclusions

MAGNESIUM

Contribution of Drinking Water to Magnesium Nutrition

PHOSPHORUS

Contribution of Drinking Water to Phosphorus Nutrition

FLUORIDE

Contribution of Drinking Water to Fluoride Nutrition

Recommendations and Conclusions

SODIUM.

Presence in Food and Water

Acute Toxicity

Chronic Toxicity

Contribution of Water to Sodium Nutrition

POTASSIUM

Contribution of Drinking Water to Potassium Nutrition

Research Recommendation

CHLORIDE

Distribution in Tissues

Imbalance and Depletion

Effects of Chloride Loading

Contribution of Water to Chloride Nutrition

Research Recommendations

IODINE

Contribution of Drinking Water to Iodine Nutrition

Contribution of Drinking Water to Iodine Requirements

Contribution of Drinking Water to Total Intake

IRON

Presence in Food, Water, and Air

Contribution of Drinking Water to Iron Nutrition

COPPER

Occurrence of Copper in Food and Water

Interactions and Bioavailability

Contribution of Drinking Water to Copper Nutrition

ZINC

Interaction and Bioavailability

Contribution of Drinking Water to Zinc Nutrition

SELENIUM

Interactions.

Bioavailability.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

ISBN:

1-280-24617-0

9786610246175

0-309-55409-8

0-585-11827-2

OCLC:

726823011