Treating drug problems [electronic resource] : Volume 2 : commissioned papers on historical, institutional, and economic contexts of drug treatment / Committee for the Substance Abuse Coverage Study, Division of Health Care Services, Institute of Medicine ; Dean R. Gerstein and Henrick J. Harwood, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Gerstein, Dean R.

Harwood, Henrick J.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Drug abuse--Treatment--United States.

Drug abuse.

Drug abuse--Treatment--Government policy--United States.

Drug abuse--Treatment--Economic aspects--United States.

Health insurance--United States.

Health insurance.

Physical Description:

viii, 320 p. : ill.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1992.

Summary:

Treating Drug Problems, Volume 2 presents a wealth of incisive and accessible information on the issue of drug abuse and treatment in America. Several papers lay bare the relationship between drug treatment and other aspects of drug policy, including a powerful overview of twentieth century narcotics use in America and a unique account of how the federal government has built and managed the drug treatment system from the 1960s to the present. Two papers focus on the criminal justice system. The remaining papers focus on Employer policies and practices toward illegal drugs. Patterns and cycles of cocaine use in subcultures and the popular culture. Drug treatment from a marketing, supply-and-demand perspective, including an analysis of policy options. Treating Drug Problems, Volume 2 provides important information to policy makers and administrators, drug treatment specialists, and researchers.

Contents:

TREATING DRUG PROBLEMS

Copyright

Preface

Contents

A Century of American Narcotic Policy

THE SOCIAL AND LEGISLATIVE ORIGINS OF NARCOTIC CONTROL

LIFE UNDER ANSLINGER

MINORITIES AND NARCOTIC USE: THE SECOND TRANSFORMATION

THE END OF THE CLASSIC PERIOD, 1960-1965

DRUG POLICY AND DRUG USE SINCE 1965

NOTES

Federal Leadership in Building the National Drug Treatment System

EARLY PROGRAMS

EARLY LEGISLATIVE REFORM

National Addict Rehabilitation Act

Other Legislation

LEGISLATIVE EXPANSION

Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention

Governmental Reorganization

Management Procedures

The Ford Administration-A Turning Point

CONSOLIDATION

Block Grants

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

APPENDIX: FEDERAL FUNDING POLICIES FROM 1967 TO 1980

1967-1972

1972

1973

1974

1975

1977

1978

1979

Drug Treatment in State Prisons

OPPOSITION TO PRISON-BASED DRUG TREATMENT: A RESPONSE

The Belief That ''Nothing Works" in Rehabilitation

Belief in Imprisonment

THE NEED FOR DRUG TREATMENT IN PRISONS

The Relationship Between Drug Use and Crime

Assessing the Drug-Crime Connection from a Treatment Perspective

EVALUATION RESEARCH ON PRISON-BASED AND COMMUNITY DRUG TREATMENT PROGRAMS

Prison-Based Drug Treatment Programs

Stay'n Out

Cornerstone

The Simon Fraser University Program

The Wharton Tract Narcotics Treatment Program

The Terminal Island Drug Treatment Program

Community-Based Drug Treatment

WHAT WORKS AND WHAT DOES NOT WORK IN PRISON-BASED TREATMENT

Impediments to Prison-Based Drug Treatment

Elements of Effective Correctional Treatment Programs

Guidelines for Effective Treatment

PROJECT REFORM: A NATIONAL PROJECT TO ESTABLISH DRUG TREATMENT PROGRAMS IN CORRECTIONS.

CONCLUSION: THE FUTURE OF DRUG TREATMENT IN CORRECTIONS

Courts, Jails, and Drug Treatment in a California County

THE NEXUS BETWEEN THE DRUG TREATMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

The Criminalization of Drugs

Reforming Drug Policy in the 1960s

Diversion from the Criminal Justice System to Treatment in the 1970s

CASE STUDY OF A CALIFORNIA COUNTY

County Drug Abuse Treatment System

The Criminal Justice System: Processing the Offender

Diversion and Probation: Pathways to Treatment

Probation

The Drug Abuse Treatment System and Inmates

Case Study Conclusions

DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY

FOOTNOTE

REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Drugs, the Workplace, and Employee-Oriented Programming

THE PROBLEM OF DRUGS AND THE WORKPLACE

Scope of the Problem

Employer Motives to Initiate Action

Drug Screening/Drug Testing and Employee Assistance Programs

Contrasts Between Attitudes Toward Alcohol and Toward Other Drugs

DEVELOPMENT OF EMPLOYER RESPONSES TO DRUG USE

Historical Perspective

The First War on Drugs in the Workplace

Why the Concern with Employee Drug Abuse?

Developments During the 1970s and Early 1980s

The Office of Worksite Initiatives

EMPLOYER INTEREST IN ALCOHOL PROBLEMS

SCOPE OF EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS

Employee Assistance Program Distribution

Patterns of Employee Assistance Program Utilization

COMPARISONS OF DRUG SCREENING PROGRAMS AND EAPS

DRUG SCREENING AND EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS AND POTENTIAL FUTURE DILEMMAS

Micro-Organizational Motives and Macro-Social Consequences

Variations in the Scope of Program Services

The Market for Drug Treatment

THE FACTS

RATIONALE FOR PUBLIC INTERVENTION

Welfare Economics and the Pareto Standard.

Addiction and Consumer Sovereignty

External Effects of Drug Addiction

Some Welfare Economics of Insurance

Cost-Benefit Analysis

MARKET EQUILIBRIUM

The Basic Model

Court-Ordered Treatment and Demand

Insurance, Tax Breaks, and Other Price Subsidies

Intertemporal Effects

The Market for Insurance Policies

Estimation and Simulation Issues

SOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS

The Supply of Treatment

Policies to Encourage Efficiency

Insurance Options

Repeating Cycles of Cocaine Use and Abuse

THE FIRST CYCLE: USE (3000 B.C.-1860 A.D.)

THE SECOND CYCLE: ABUSE (1860-1914)

Treatment in the Second Cycle

THE THIRD CYCLE: USE (1970-1978)

The Social-Recreational User: 1970-1978

Treatment in the Third Cycle

THE FOURTH CYCLE: ABUSE

1978-1988

1978-1982

1982-1984

1985-1988

Crack

The War on Drugs

Responses of Cocaine Users

Changes in Use During the Fourth Cycle

Long-Term Users

Cocaine Free Base Users (N = 22)

Intravenous Cocaine Users (N = 8)

Crack Users (N = 27)

Intranasal Cocaine Users (N = 51)

Treatment in the Fourth Cycle

DISCUSSION

Acknowledgments.

Notes:

"This study was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. 283-99-0009 (SA)/9D/--T.p. verso.

"A study of the evolution, effectiveness, and financing of public and private drug treatment system."

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-280-21185-7

9786610211852

0-309-58300-4

0-585-14961-5

OCLC:

923260980