The social impact of AIDS in the United States / Panel on Monitoring the Social Impact of the AIDS Epidemic ; Committee on AIDS Research and the Behavioral, Social, and Statistical Sciences, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Monitoring the Social Impact of the AIDS Epidemic.

Contributor:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on AIDS Research and the Behavioral, Social, and Statistical Sciences.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

AIDS (Disease)--Social aspects--United States.

AIDS (Disease).

Social problems.

Social medicine.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

Public Policy.

Social Medicine.

Social Problems.

Sociology, Medical.

United States.

Medical Subjects:

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

Public Policy.

Social Medicine.

Social Problems.

Sociology, Medical.

United States.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xi, 322 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1993.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Europe's "Black Death" contributed to the rise of nation states, mercantile economies, and even the Reformation. Will the AIDS epidemic have similar dramatic effects on the social and political landscape of the twenty-first century? This readable volume looks at the impact of AIDS since its emergence and suggests its effects in the next decade, when a million or more Americans will likely die of the disease. The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States addresses some of the most sensitive and controversial issues in the public debate over AIDS. This landmark book explores how AIDS has affected fundamental policies and practices in our major institutions, examining How America's major religious organizations have dealt with sometimes conflicting values: the imperative of care for the sick versus traditional views of homosexuality and drug use. Hotly debated public health measures, such as HIV antibody testing and screening, tracing of sexual contacts, and quarantine. The potential risk of HIV infection to and from health care workers. How AIDS activists have brought about major change in the way new drugs are brought to the marketplace. The impact of AIDS on community-based organizations, from volunteers caring for individuals to the highly political ACT-UP organization. Coping with HIV infection in prisons. Two case studies shed light on HIV and the family relationship. One reports on some efforts to gain legal recognition for nonmarital relationships, and the other examines foster care programs for newborns with the HIV virus. A case study of New York City details how selected institutions interact to give what may be a picture of AIDS in the future. This clear and comprehensive presentation will be of interest to anyone concerned about AIDS and its impact on the country: health professionals, sociologists, psychologists, advocates for at-risk populations, and interested individuals.

Contents:

THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF AIDS IN THE UNITED STATES

Copyright

Acknowledgments

Contents

1 Introduction and Summary

EPIDEMICS, IMPACTS, AND RESPONSES

GENERAL FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS

SPECIFIC FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS

Public Health

Health Care

Clinical Research and Drug Regulation

Voluntary and Community-Based Organizations

Religion and Religious Groups

Correctional Systems

Public Policies on Children and Families

New York City

TECHNICAL NOTE

REFERENCES

2 The Practice of Public Health

HISTORICAL APPROACHES TO DISEASE CONTROL AND "EXCEPTIONALISM

HIV TESTING

REPORTING AND CONTACT TRACING

Reporting Cases of AIDS and HIV Infection

Partner Notification and Contact Tracing

Confidentiality Versus the Physician's "Duty to Warn

QUARANTINE, ISOLATION, AND CRIMINAL PROSECUTION

Use of Quarantine Statutes

Use of Criminal Statutes

STATE AND LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE

Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Clinical Services

Planning and Financing Care

CONCLUSIONS

NOTES

3 Health Care Delivery and Financing

THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AS A SERVICE PROVIDER

Challenges for Traditional Health Care Delivery

Organization of HIV/AIDS Care

Hospital Care

Out-of-Hospital Care

Connections with Community-Based Services

THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AS EMPLOYER

Recruiting and Training Providers

Physicians

Nurses

Confronting Occupational Risks

HIV-Infected Practitioners and Risks to Patients

The Burden of Caring for AIDS Patients

The Influence of Prejudice

Defining the Scope of Professional Obligation

THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AS A MARKET

HEALTH CARE FINANCING

4 Clinical Research and Drug Regulation

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE1

Randomized Clinical Trials.

The Food and Drug Administration and the Politics of Drug Regulation

Protecting Human Research Subjects

Patient Advocacy and Activism

THE FIRST DECADE OF AIDS

The Emergence of AZT

The Rise of Advocacy

The Integration of Activists in the Clinical Trials Process

CURRENT ISSUES AND PRACTICES

Drugs and Alternative Therapies

Who Performs Clinical Trials

The Design of Clinical Trials and Access to Them

Children

Women

Dissemination of Information

Peer-Reviewed Reporting of Clinical Research

Non-Peer-Reviewed Publications

Science and Health Reporting in the Mass Media

NOTE

5 Religion and Religious Groups

RELIGIOUS DOCTRINES AND TRADITIONS

The Nature of Religion

Religion in the United States

Religion and Epidemic Disease

SEXUALITY

EARLY RESPONSE TO THE EPIDEMIC

Official and Unofficial Response of Clergy and Lay People

Isolation of Homosexuals from Religious Communities

A Changing Climate of Views and Actions

OFFICIAL STATEMENTS AND LOCAL ACTIVITIES

African American Churches

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Evangelical Lutheran Church

Judaism

Presbyterian Church, U.S.A.

Roman Catholic Church

United Methodist Church

Activities in Local Congregations

6 Voluntary and Community-Based Organizations

THE ORIGINS OF COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS

WHO VOLUNTEERS AND WHY

VOLUNTEERS AND WHAT THEY CONTRIBUTE

THE RISE OF ADVOCACY

VOLUNTEERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SECOND DECADE

CONCLUSION

7 Correctional Systems

WHO ARE THE PRISONERS

THE BURDEN OF HIV DISEASE IN PRISONS

Testing and Screening Controversies

Transmission Within Prisons

HIV Education and Prevention

Housing and Segregation

Visitation Policies.

MEDICAL TREATMENT

Prisoners' Health and Access to Care

Access to Experimental Treatments

TRANSFER AND RELEASE CONCERNS

8 Public Policies on Children and Families

NEWBORNS AND CHILDREN

Resources and Special Programs

Miami

Anomalies in the Allocation of Resources

Anomalies in Policies Regarding HIV Testing and Medical Decisions

LEGAL RECOGNITION OF UNMARRIED COUPLE RELATIONSHIPS

San Francisco

The Early Years

The 1990 Election

Succession Rights Before the Epidemic

Succession Rights in the Context of AIDS

Impact of the Braschi Decision

Newborns and Children

Recognition of Unmarried Couple Relationships

9 The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in New York City

COURSE OF THE EPIDEMIC

Current Situation

Localization of the Epidemic

Predicting the Future of the Epidemic

THE TWO EPIDEMICS

Epidemic #1: Men Who Have Sex with Men

Evolution of the Gay and Lesbian Community

Initial Response to the Epidemic

Evolution and Role of Volunteer Organizations

Men Outside Identified Gay Communities

Individual Impacts: Discrimination and Impoverishment

Epidemic #2: Drug Users

PUBLIC HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE

Public Health Effects of HIV/AIDS Concentration

Ethnicity and Residence: Data Collection and Other Public Health Issues

The Crisis of Infant Health

CORRECTIONAL SYSTEMS

Correctional System's Response to Inmates with AIDS

IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS ON WOMEN, CHILDREN, AND FAMILIES

Caring for Infected Children: Examples in Harlem

RELIGION: CONFLICT OVER CONDOMS AND AIDS EDUCATION FOR YOUNG PEOPLE

APPENDIXES

A Biographical Sketches

B Participants in Panel Activities

Index.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Other Format:

Print version: Staff, National Research Council. Social Impact of AIDS in the United States.

ISBN:

9786610203451

9781280203459

1280203455

9780309583862

0309583861

9780585024134

0585024138

OCLC:

42329053