Diet, nutrition, and cancer / Committee on Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Assembly of Life Sciences, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Assembly of Life Sciences (U.S.). Committee on Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cancer--Nutritional aspects.

Cancer.

Food habits.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xii, 478 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1982.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Based on a review of the scientific evidence, this book provides the assessment yet of the relationship between dietary and nutritional factors and the incidence of cancer. It presents dietary guidelines that are likely to reduce the risk of cancer as well as ensure good nutrition.

Contents:

Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer

Copyright

Preface

Contents

1 Executive Summary

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Dietary Patterns and Components of Food

Total Caloric Intake

Lipids (Fats and Cholesterol)

Protein

Carbohydrates

Dietary Fiber

Vitamins

Minerals

Inhibitors of Carcinogenesis

Alcohol

Naturally Occurring Carcinogens

Mutagens in Foods

Food Additives

Environmental Contaminants

Contribution of Diet to Overall Risk of Cancer

INTERIM DIETARY GUIDELINES

2 Cancer: Its Nature and Relationship to Diet

THE NATURE OF CANCER

The Control of Cell Division During the Growth and Replacement of Normal Tissues

Various Abnormalities of Cell Behavior

Cancer and Cell Heredity

The Varying Incidence of Cancer

Experimentally Induced Carcinogenesis

THE CAUSES OF CANCER

THE INFLUENCE OF DIET ON EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED CANCERS

The Early Stages of Carcinogenesis

The Late Stages of Carcinogenesis

REFERENCES

3 Methodology

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL METHODS

General Approaches

Methods For Determining Dietary Intake

Overall Assessment of Epidemiological Approaches

LABORATORY METHODS

Analysis of Molecular Structure

Short-Term Tests

Long-Term Bioassays

Difficulties in Studying the Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity of Food Constituents

COMMITTEE'S APPROACH TO EVALUATION OF THE LITERATURE

SECTION A THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRIENTS AND CANCER

CHANGES IN THE FOOD SUPPLY

4 Total Caloric Intake

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

EXPERIMENTS IN ANIMALS

Epidemiological Evidence

Experimental Evidence

5 Lipids (Fats and Cholesterol)

Fats

Cholesterol.

RELATIONSHIP OF FECAL STEROID EXCRETION TO BOWEL CARCINOGENESIS

EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE

Mammary Tumors

Hepatic and Pancreatic Cancer

Intestinal Cancer

SUMMARY

Relationship of Fecal Steroid Excretion to Bowel Carcinogenesis

CONCLUSIONS

6 Protein

Breast Cancer

Large Bowel Cancer

Pancreatic Cancer

Other Cancers

Spontaneous Tumors

Chemically Induced Tumors

Tumor Transplantation Studies

An Evaluation of the Data from Animal Studies

CONCLUSION

7 Carbohydrates

Sucrose

Lactose

Glucose

Xylitol

8 Dietary Fiber

9 Vitamins

VITAMIN A

Summary

Conclusion

VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID)

VITAMIN E (Α-TOCOPHEROL)

Summary and Conclusions

CHOLINE AND SELECTED B VITAMINS

Epidemiological Studies

Experimental Studies

10 Minerals

SELENIUM

ZINC

IRON

COPPER

IODINE.

Epidemiological Evidence

MOLYBDENUM

CADMIUM

ARSENIC

LEAD

11 Alcohol

Specific Alcoholic Beverages

Total Alcoholic Beverages

Synergism Between Alcohol and Smoking

Effect of Nutritional Status

Postulated Mechanisms of Action in Carcinogenesis

Alcohol and Induction of Microsomal Enzymes

Occurrence of Putative Carcinogens in Alcoholic Beverages

SECTION B THE ROLE OF NONNUTRITIVE DIETARY CONSTITUENTS

FOOD ADDITIVES

CONTAMINANTS

THE DELANEY CLAUSE AND OTHER REGULATORY ACTIONS

EXPOSURE OF HUMANS

THE CARCINOGENICITY OF FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS

ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH

12 Naturally Occurring Carcinogens

MYCOTOXINS

Aflatoxins

Other Mycotoxins

Summary and Conclusions: Aflatoxins and Other Mycotoxins

HYDRAZINES IN MUSHROOMS

Agaricus bisporus

Gyromitra esculenta

Summary and Conclusions: Hydrazines

PLANT CONSTITUENTS AND METABOLITES

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids

Allylic and Propenylic Benzene Derivatives

Bracken Fern Toxin(s)

Estrogenic Compounds

Coffee

Methylxanthines

Cycasin

Thiourea

Tannic Acid and Tannins

Coumarin

Parasorbic Acid

METABOLITES OF ANIMAL ORIGIN

Tryptophan and Its Metabolites

Hormones

FERMENTATION PRODUCT

Ethyl Carbamate (Urethan)

NITRATE, NITRITE, AND N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS

Epidemiological Evidence.

Experimental Evidence: Carcinogenicity

Experimental Evidence: Mutagenicity

Summary and Conclusions: Nitrate, Nitrite, and N-Nitroso Compounds

13 Mutagens in Food

MUTAGENS RESULTING FROM COOKING OF FOODS

Benzo[a]pyrene and Other Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Mutagens from Pyrolyzed Proteins and Amino Acids

Mutagens Formed from Meat at Lower Temperatures

Mutagen Formation Involving Carbohydrates

PLANT FLAVONOIDS

MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY IN EXTRACTS OF FOODS AND BEVERAGES

MODIFIERS OF MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY

Harman and Norharman

Hemin

Fatty Acids

Nitrite

Antioxidants

14 Additives and Contaminants

ADDITIVES

Saccharin

Cyclamates

Aspartame

Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA)

Vinyl Chloride

Acrylonitrile

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS

Pesticides

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's)

Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB's)

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH's)

Benzo[a]pyrene

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene

Benz[a]anthracene

OVERALL SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

15 Inhibitors of Carcinogenesis

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES

Effects of Selected Chemicals

Effects of Individual Foods on Carcinogen-Metabolizing Enzyme Systems

Possible Adverse Effects of Inhibitors

SECTION C PATTERNS OF DIET AND CANCER

16 Cancer Incidence and Mortality

GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFERENCES RELATED TO ETHNICITY

CHANGES SUBSEQUENT TO MIGRATION

CHANGING TIME TRENDS IN INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY

INTERSITE CORRELATIONS OF INCIDENCE

ASSOCIATIONS WITH SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS.

RELIGIOUS PRACTICES AND CANCER INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY

CORRELATIONS OF INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY WITH DIETARY AND OTHER VARIABLES

ASSOCIATIONS WITH OTHER DISEASES

17 The Relationship of Diet to Cancer at Specific Sites

ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

STOMACH CANCER

COLON AND RECTAL CANCER

LIVER CANCER

PANCREATIC CANCER

GALLBLADDER CANCER

LUNG CANCER

BLADDER CANCER

RENAL CANCER

BREAST CANCER

ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

OVARIAN CANCER

PROSTATE CANCER

18 Assessment of Risk to Human Health

INITIATORS OF CARCINOGENESIS

MODIFIERS OF CARCINOGENESIS

USE OF MUTAGENICITY TESTS

USE OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

DIET-RELATED CARCINOGENESIS

CONTRIBUTION OF DIET TO OVERALL RISK OF CANCER

Glossary

Appendix A Committee on Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer-Affiliations and Major Research Interests

CHAIRMAN:

VICE CHAIRMAN:

MEMBERS:

ADVISOR:

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STAFF:

Index.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographies.

ISBN:

9786610246199

9781280246197

1280246197

9780309567923

0309567920

OCLC:

57733176