Rethinking the ozone problem in urban and regional air pollution / Committee on Tropospheric Ozone Formation and Measurement, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Tropospheric Ozone Formation and Measurement.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Ozone--Environmental aspects--United States.

Ozone.

Air--Pollution--Environmental aspects--United States.

Air.

Air quality management--United States.

Air quality management.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (524 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1991.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Despite more than 20 years of regulatory efforts, concern is widespread that ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, threatens the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. This book discusses how scientific information can be used to develop more effective regulations to control ozone. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution discusses: The latest data and analysis on how tropospheric ozone is formed. How well our measurement techniques are functioning. Deficiencies in efforts to date to control the problem. Approaches to reducing ozone precursor emissions that hold the most promise. What additional research is needed. With a wealth of technical information, the book discusses atmospheric chemistry, the role of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation, monitoring and modeling the formation and transport processes, and the potential contribution of alternative fuels to solving the tropospheric ozone problem. The committee discusses criteria for designing more effective ozone control efforts. Because of its direct bearing on decisions to be made under the Clean Air Act, this book should be of great interest to environmental advocates, industry, and the regulatory community as well as scientists, faculty, and students.

Contents:

""Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution""; ""Copyright""; ""Contents""; ""Executive Summary""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""THE CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE""; ""THE COMMITTEE'S APPROACH TO ITS CHARGE""; ""OZONE IN THE UNITED STATES""; ""OZONE TRENDS""; ""STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING""; ""ANTHROPOGENIC VOC EMISSIONS""; ""BIOGENIC VOC EMISSIONS""; ""AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MEASUREMENTS""; ""AIR-QUALITY MODELS""; ""VOC VERSUS NOX CONTROL""; ""ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES""; ""A RESEARCH PROGRAM ON TROPOSPHERIC OZONE""; ""1 What Is the Problem? ""; ""NATURAL ATMOSPHERIC OZONE""

""Changes in Stratospheric Ozone""; ""Changes in Tropospheric Ozone""; ""UNDERSTANDING TROPOSPHERIC OZONE AND PHOTOCHEMICAL AIR POLLUTION""; """"; """"; """"; """"; ""Background.""; ""OZONE AND AIR-QUALITY REGULATIONS""; ""NATIONAL TRENDS IN OZONE""; ""DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF OZONE""; ""Health Effects of Atmospheric Ozone""; ""Human Exposure Issues""; ""Effects on Vegetation""; ""PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT""; ""Chapter""; ""2 Trends in Tropospheric Concentrations of Ozone ""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD FOR OZONE""

""NATIONAL TRENDS IN TROPOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS OF OZONE""; ""TRENDS IN PRECURSOR EMISSIONS""; ""OZONE TRENDS NORMALIZED FOR METEOROLOGICAL VARIATION""; ""Measurement Approaches: A More Robust Ozone Indicator""; ""Classification Techniques""; ""Regression Techniques""; ""SUMMARY""; ""3 Criteria for Designing and Evaluating Ozone Reduction Strategies ""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""THE CLEAN AIR ACT""; ""THE STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN""; ""Ambient Monitoring""; ""Emissions Inventories""; ""Relationships Between Emissions and Air Quality""; ""Control Strategies""; ""Rule Effectiveness""; ""SUMMARY""

""4 The Effects of Meteorology on Tropospheric Ozone ""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""OZONE ACCUMULATION""; ""CLOUDS AND VENTING OF AIR POLLUTANTS""; ""REGIONAL AND MESOSCALE PREDICTABILITY OF OZONE""; ""GLOBAL AND LONG-TERM PREDICTABILITY OF OZONE""; ""OZONE IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES""; ""SUMMARY""; ""5 Atmospheric Chemistry of Ozone and Its Precursors ""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""GENERAL SCHEMES OF TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY""; ""Tropospheric Methane Oxidation Cycle""; ""Photochemical Formation of Ozone""; ""Other Reactions in the Tropospheric Nitrogen Cycle""; ""Chemistry of the Polluted Troposphere""

""ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF ANTHROPOGENIC VOCS""; ""Alkanes""; ""Alkenes""; ""Aromatic Vocs""; ""Carbonyl Compounds""; ""Reactions of Organic Peroxy (RO2) Radicals""; ""Oxygenates Proposed as Alternative Fuels""; ""Methanol""; ""Ethanol""; ""Methyl t-butyl ether""; ""BIOGENIC VOCS""; ""NO3 Radical Reaction""; ""Ozone Reactions""; ""Oh Radical Reactions""; ""DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF CHEMICAL MECHANISMS""; ""OZONE FORMATION POTENTIAL OF VARIOUS VOCS""; ""SUMMARY""; ""6 VOCs and Nox: Relationship to Ozone and Associated Pollutants ""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""CHARACTERISTICS OF OZONE ISOPLETHS""; ""UNCERTAINTIES AND SENSITIVITIES OF ISOPLETHS""

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (p. 429-489) and index.

Description based upon print version of record.

ISBN:

9786610203512

9781280203510

128020351X

9780309560375

0309560373

9780585111438

058511143X

OCLC:

923268246