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Condensed-matter physics : physics through the 1990s / Panel on Condensed-Matter Physics, Physics Survey Committee, Board on Physics and Astronomy, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, National Research Council.
- Format:
- Book
- Series:
- Physics through the 1990s.
- Physics through the 1990s
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Condensed matter.
- Matter.
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (325 p.)
- Edition:
- 1st ed.
- Place of Publication:
- Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1986.
- Language Note:
- English
- Contents:
- Condensed-Matter Physics
- Copyright
- Preface
- Contents
- I Highlights, Opportunities, and Needs
- CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS AND ITS IMPORTANCE
- DISCOVERY
- Artificially Structured Materials
- The Quantized Hall Effect
- Effects of Reduced Dimensionality
- Charge-Density Waves
- Disorder
- Mixed Valence and Heavy Fermions
- The Superfluid Phases of 3He
- The Renormalization Group Methods
- Chaotic Phenomena in Time and Space
- Widespread Use of Synchrotron Radiation
- Atomic Resolution Experimental Probes
- RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES IN CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS IN THE NEXT DECADE
- NEEDS OF CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS IN THE NEXT DECADE
- Support for Individual Researchers
- MANPOWER
- INSTRUMENTATION
- COMPUTATION
- FUNDING
- Support for National Facilities
- NEUTRON FACILITIES
- SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SOURCES RECOMMENDATIONS
- HIGH-MAGNETIC-FIELD FACILITIES RECOMMENDATIONS
- ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE FACILITIES RECOMMENDATIONS
- GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING NATIONAL FACILITIES
- University-Industry-Government Relations
- II A Decade of Condensed-Matter Physics
- 1 Electronic Structure and Properties of Matter
- INTRODUCTION
- ADVANCES IN ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE DETERMINATIONS
- MANY-ELECTRON EFFECTS
- QUANTIZED HALL EFFECT
- ELECTRON-HOLE DROPLETS
- ELECTRONICALLY ORDERED STATES
- DISORDERED SYSTEMS
- MIXED MEDIA
- CONDENSED MATTER AT HIGH PRESSURE
- OPPORTUNITIES
- 2 Structures and Vibrational Properties of Solids
- THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS
- MEASUREMENTS OF STRUCTURES AND PHONON SPECTRA
- PHONON TRANSPORT
- ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTIONS
- DISORDERED SOLIDS AND INCOMMENSURATE PHASES
- PHASE TRANSITIONS AND NONLINEAR EXCITATIONS
- 3 Critical Phenomena and Phase Transitions
- WHAT ARE CRITICAL PHENOMENA, AND WHY ARE THEY INTERESTING TO PHYSICISTS?.
- EXAMPLES OF PHASE TRANSITIONS AND CRITICAL POINTS
- HISTORY
- WHAT DOES ONE MEASURE?
- WHAT DETERMINES THE UNIVERSALITY CLASS?
- EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATIONS OF LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS
- MULTICRITICAL POINTS
- SYSTEMS WITH ALMOST-BROKEN SYMMETRY
- Two-Dimensional Superfluid and XY Model
- Melting of a Two-Dimensional Crystal
- Smectic A-to-Nematic Transition
- QUENCHED DISORDER
- PERCOLATION AND THE METAL-INSULATOR TRANSITION IN DISORDERED SYSTEMS
- NONEQUILIBRIUM SYSTEMS
- FIRST-ORDER TRANSITIONS
- OUTLOOK
- 4 Magnetism
- MAGNETIC INSULATORS
- Low-Dimensional Systems
- Critical Phenomena
- METALLIC MAGNETS
- Transition-Metal Ferromagnets
- Rare-Earth and Actinide Magnets
- Introduction
- Disordered Ferromagnets, Antiferromagnets, and Paramagnets
- Spin Glasses
- COMPUTER SIMULATIONS IN MAGNETISM
- FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
- 5 Semiconductors
- SURFACES AND INTERFACES
- DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS
- REDUCED DIMENSIONALITY IN SEMICONDUCTORS
- OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS
- AMORPHOUS SEMICONDUCTORS
- FUTURE PROSPECTS
- Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces
- SEMICONDUCTOR-SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACES
- SEMICONDUCTOR-INSULATOR INTERFACES
- SEMICONDUCTOR-METAL INTERFACES
- Defects in Semiconductors
- Systems of Reduced Dimensionality
- GROWTH TECHNIQUES AND LITHOGRAPHY
- SMALL STRUCTURES
- HETEROSTRUCTURES
- THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL WIGNER CRYSTAL
- 6 Defects and Diffusion
- NEW FIELDS FROM OLD: AN EXAMPLE
- Phase Microstructure and Phase Generation in Radiation Fields
- Surface and Near-Surface Probes
- Ion-Beam Microfabrication
- CALCULATIONS OF DEFECT STRUCTURE
- FUNDAMENTALS OF ATOMIC MOBILITY
- COMMENTS ON ACTIVE AREAS
- Point Defects in Simple Solids
- Surface Diffusion
- Photochemical Processes.
- Molecular Dynamics
- Dislocation Motion in Glasses
- Defect Imaging at Atomic Resolution
- SOME DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
- 7 Surfaces and Interfaces
- THE STRUCTURE OF THE CRYSTAL SURFACE
- SPECTROSCOPY AND ELEMENTARY EXCITATIONS ON THE SURFACE
- INTERACTIONS OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES ON THE SURFACE
- THE INTERFACE BETWEEN SOLIDS AND DENSE MEDIA
- THEORY
- 8 Low-Temperature Physics
- DEFINITION OF SUBFIELD
- QUANTUM FLUIDS
- Superfluid 3He
- NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN SUPERFLUID 3HE
- ULTRASOUND
- OTHER SOUND MODES
- DEFECTS
- SUPERFLUID FLOW AND HYDRODYNAMICS
- Novel Quantum Fluids
- MIXTURES OF 3HE IN 4HE
- SPIN-POLARIZED HYDROGEN AND DEUTERIUM
- LIQUID 4HE IN UNUSUAL GEOMETRIES
- ELECTRONS ON HELIUM SURFACES
- SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
- Nonequilibrium Superconductivity
- Novel Superconducting Materials
- Magnetic Superconductors
- High-Transition-Temperature, High-Magnetic-Field Materials
- The Josephson Effects
- QUANTUM CRYSTALS
- LOW-TEMPERATURE TECHNOLOGY
- RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES IN LOW-TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
- 9 Liquid-State Physics
- CLASSICAL LIQUIDS
- Static Properties
- Dynamical Properties of Classical Liquids
- Colloidal Systems-Soap Solutions
- LIQUID CRYSTALS
- What Are Liquid Crystals?
- Why Are Liquid Crystals Interesting?
- Major Advances
- OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUTURE WORK
- 10 Polymers
- RESEARCH PROBLEMS
- Amorphous State-Solutions and Melts
- Glass
- Elastomers, Gels, Cross-linked Networks
- Polymer Crystals
- Electrical Properties
- Other Polymer Properties
- 11 Nonlinear Dynamics, Instabilities, and Chaos
- MAJOR ADVANCES
- A New Paradigm
- New Experimental Methods
- Routes to Chaos
- Dynamical Systems Theory of the Routes to Turbulence
- Dynamical Systems Analysis of Experiments.
- Nonlinear Stability Theory
- Pattern Evolution
- Instabilities in Other Dissipative Systems
- Nonlinear Dynamics of Conservative Systems
- General Remarks
- CURRENT FRONTIERS
- Bifurcation Sequences
- Patterns
- Numerical Simulations
- Experimental Methods
- Transition from Weak to Fully Developed Turbulence
- Conservative Systems
- Nonequilibrium Systems
- New Directions
- Appendixes
- B New Experimental Techniques
- C New Materials
- NEW MATERIALS IN THE LAST DECADE
- One- and Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Chalcogenides
- Materials with Open-Crystal Structures
- The Magnetic Superconductors
- Organic Conductors
- New Superconductors
- Glasses
- IMPACT OF NEW SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES ON CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS
- Thin Metallic Films
- Epitaxial Materials
- Metallic Superlattices
- Materials Modification
- Filamentary Materials
- Metal Clusters
- MAJOR CONCERNS
- PROJECTIONS FOR THE FUTURE
- D Laser Spectroscopy of Condensed Matter
- ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE PAST DECADE
- Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy
- TWO-PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY
- HOLE BURNING IN INHOMOGENEOUSLY BROADENED SPECTRA
- OTHER NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUES
- Transient Optical Spectroscopy
- Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy
- PICOSECOND LASER SPECTROSCOPY
- FEMTOSECOND LASER SPECTROSCOPY
- E National Facilities
- SYNCHROTRON RADIATION RESEARCH
- Summary of Present Synchrotron Facilities in the United States
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS)
- National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS)
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL)
- Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC)
- Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF)
- Research Highlights of the Past Decade.
- Future Directions in Synchrotron Research
- NEUTRON-SCATTERING FACILITIES
- Description of Existing U.S. Facilities
- Research Highlights of the 1970s
- Future Directions
- Epithermal Neutrons
- Neutron Guides
- High-Resolution Spectroscopy
- Interferometry
- Growth of the Neutron User Community
- HIGH-MAGNETIC-FIELDS FACILITIES
- Description of U.S. Facilities
- Opportunities
- FACILITIES FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
- Advances of the Past Decade in Electron Microscopy
- Outlook for the Future
- Contributors to This Volume
- PART I
- CHAPTER 1
- CHAPTER 2
- CHAPTER 3
- CHAPTER 4
- CHAPTER 5
- CHAPTER 6
- CHAPTER 7
- CHAPTER 8
- CHAPTER 9
- CHAPTER 10
- CHAPTER 11
- APPENDIX D
- APPENDIX E
- Index.
- Notes:
- Includes index.
- ISBN:
- 9786610222407
- 9781280222405
- 1280222409
- 9780309568043
- 0309568048
- OCLC:
- 726823142
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