Nuclear arms control : background and issues / Committee on International Security and Arms Control National Academy of Sciences.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

National Academy of Sciences (U.S.). Committee on International Security and Arms Control.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Arms control.

Nuclear arms control--Soviet Union.

Nuclear arms control.

Nuclear arms control--United States.

Nuclear nonproliferation.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (390 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1985.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This nontechnical overview of developments in nuclear arms control describes how the United States and the Soviet Union arrived at their present positions--and where they might go from here. According to Foreign Affairs , "This book is proof that the complexities of arms control can be successfully explained in a nontechnical, and even more importantly, nonpartisan manner. . . . It presents the key issues in a clear, thorough, and remarkably up-to-date way. . . . Strongly recommended as a primary source for classroom and public discussions."

Contents:

Nuclear Arms Control

Copyright

Contents

Foreword

Preface

1 Overview

ARMS CONTROL AS A PROCESS

THE OBJECTIVES OF ARMS CONTROL

APPROACHES TO ARMS CONTROL

Limits

Freezes

Restructuring

Reductions

Bans

Special Stabilizing Measures

THE U.S.-SOVIET STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIP

OTHER NUCLEAR POWERS

VERIFICATION

RECORD OF COMPLIANCE

POLITICAL OR MILITARY "LINKAGE

THE NEGOTIATING PROCESS

DOMESTIC POLITICAL ACCEPTABILITY

SPECIFIC PROPOSALS

2 Strategic Offensive Nuclear Arms Control

PART I THE STRATEGIC ARMS LIMITATION TALKS (SALT)

Introduction

Background

The Origins

SALT I Negotiations

The SALT II Negotiations

The Provisions of Salt I and Salt II

The SALT I Interim Agreement

The SALT II Treaty

The Main Issues Surrounding Salt II

The Strategic Relationship

SALT II Supporters

SALT II Critics

The Rationale for SALT II: Preserving Essential Equivalence

Verification

Compliance

Compliance with SALT I from 1972 to 1979

Compliance with SALT I and SALT II from 1980 to 1984

PART II THE STRATEGIC ARMS REDUCTION TALKS (START)

Initial START Proposals

The Scowcroft Commission and Build-Down

The Revised U.S. START Proposal

The U.S. START Proposal Incorporating Build-Down

U.S. and Soviet Start Proposals

The U.S. START Proposal as of December 1983

The Soviet START Proposal as of December 1983

The Main Issues Surrounding Start

START Supporters' Assessment of the Strategic Relationship

START Critics' Assessment of the Strategic Relationship

The Soviet View of the Strategic Relationship

The Rationale for START: Selective Deep Cuts to Restore Stability

START Supporters' Approach.

Domestic Criticisms of START

The Soviet Approach to START

3 The Nuclear Freeze

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

The Congress and Freeze Resolutions

DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR FREEZE PROPOSAL

THE MAIN ISSUES SURROUNDING THE COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR FREEZE

The Strategic Relationship: Equivalence Versus Inferiority

Supporters of the Comprehensive Freeze

Critics of the Comprehensive Freeze

Rationale: Freeze at Parity to Stop the Arms Race

Verification of a Comprehensive Nuclear Freeze

The Soviet Union and the Nuclear Freeze

4 The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Force (INF) Negotiations

NATO's Dual-Track Deployment Decision

The INF Negotiations

The "Walk in the Woods" Formula

The Soviet Offer to Match British and French Missiles

The U.S. Interim Agreement Proposal

The "Walk in the Park" Proposal

SUMMARY OF THE U.S. AND SOVIET INF POSITIONS AS OF NOVEMBER 1983

THE MAIN ISSUES SURROUNDING THE INF NEGOTIATIONS

The European Nuclear Balance: Different U.S. and Soviet Perspectives

The U.S. View

The Soviet View

The Main Differences Between the U.S. and Soviet INF Proposals

The U.S. Approach

The Soviet Approach

The Deployment and the Future of NATO

Integrating the START and INF Negotiations

5 Strategic Defensive Arms Control: The SALT I Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty

The Johnson Years

The Nixon Years: ABM and SALT

The Strategic Defense Initiative

PROVISIONS OF THE SALT I ABM TREATY

THE MAIN ISSUES SURROUNDING THE SALT I ABM TREATY

Reopening the ABM Debate.

Supporters of the Strategic Defense Initiative

Critics of the Strategic Defense Initiative

Verification and Compliance

6 Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Arms Control

The Origin of the ASAT Program

The Ford-Carter Years

The Reagan Years

SUMMARY OF U.S. AND SOVIET POSITIONS ON ASAT ARMS CONTROL

The U.S. Position

The Soviet Position

THE MAIN ISSUES SURROUNDING ANTI-SATELLITE ARMS CONTROL

U.S. Supporters of ASAT Arms Control

7 Nuclear Test Bans

The Eisenhower Administration

The Kennedy Administration

The Nixon and Ford Administrations

The Carter Administration

The Reagan Administration

THE MAIN ISSUES SURROUNDING A COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAN

Overall U.S. Security

Importance of Testing to U.S. Security

Reliability of Stockpiled Weapons

Development of New Weapons

Nuclear Effects

Safety

Peaceful Nuclear Explosions

The Weapons Laboratories

General

Threshold of Detection and Identification

Hiding in Earthquakes

Nonseismic Information

On-Site Inspection

Significance of Testing Below the Threshold

Significance of Very Low Yield Tests

Impact on Nuclear Proliferation

8 Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

THE NATURE OF THE RISK

The Relationship of Proliferation to U.S. and International Security and Stability

The Technical Problem

Capabilities Versus Intentions

THE HISTORY OF NON-PROLIFERATION

NUCLEAR EXPORT POLICY

Denial Versus Constructive Engagement

Uniform Versus Discriminatory Policies

Relationship to NPT Obligations

Extreme Denial

THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL NON-PROLIFERATION AGREEMENTS

The Non-Proliferation Treaty

The Treaty of Tlatelolco and Other Possibilities for Nuclear Weapon-Free Zones.

Agreements Limiting Nuclear Testing

The Physical Security Convention and Related Measures

THE ADEQUACY AND SUFFICIENCY OF INTERNATIONAL SAFEGUARDS

Essential Characteristics

Technical Considerations

Timely Warning

Coverage

Adequacy of Safeguards Agreements

Inspection Rights

Implementation of Existing Safeguards

HOLDOUTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL REGIME

The Countries of Greatest Near-Term Concern

The Problem of Coordination with Other Concerned Countries

Acronyms

Appendix A Interim Agreement Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Certain...

INTERIM AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS ON CERTAIN MEASURES...

Article I

Article II

Article III

Article IV

Article V

Article VI

Article VII

Article VIII

PROTOCOL TO THE INTERIM AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS ON...

AGREED STATEMENTS, COMMON UNDERSTANDINGS, AND UNILATERAL STATEMENTS REGARDING THE INTERIM AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED...

1. Agreed Statements

2. Common Understandings

A. Increase in ICBM Silo Dimensions

B. Standing Consultative Commission

C. Standstill

3. Unilateral Statements

A. Withdrawal from the ABM Treaty

B. Land-Mobile ICBM Launchers

C. Covered Facilities

D. "Heavy" ICBM's

Appendix B Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of...

TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS ON THE LIMITATION OF STRATEGIC...

For the United States of America

For the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

For the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Article V

Article IX

Article X

Article XI

Article XII

Article XIII

Article XIV

Article XV

Article XVI

Article XVII

Article XVIII

Article XIX

PROTOCOL TO THE TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS ON THE LIMITATION...

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS REGARDING THE...

STATEMENT OF DATA ON THE NUMBERS OF STRATEGIC OFFENSIVE ARMS AS OF THE DATE OF SIGNATURE OF THE TREATY

JOINT STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES AND BASIC GUIDELINES FOR SUBSEQUENT NEGOTIATIONS ON THE LIMITATION OF STRATEGIC ARMS

SOVIET BACKFIRE STATEMENT

Appendix C Treaty Between The United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of...

TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS ON THE LIMITATION OF ANTI-BALLISTIC…

AGREED STATEMENTS, COMMON UNDERSTANDINGS, AND UNILATERAL STATEMENTS REGARDING THE TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF...

A. Location of ICBM Defenses

B. ABM Test Ranges

C. Mobile ABM Systems

D. Standing Consultative Commission

E. Standstill

B. Tested in ABM Mode

C. No-Transfer Article of ABM Treaty

D. No Increase in Defense of Early Warning Radars.

PROTOCOL TO THE TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS ON THE LIMITATION.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

ISBN:

9786610222216

9781280222214

1280222212

9780309554602

0309554608

9780585085128

0585085129

OCLC:

427404716