The airliner cabin environment : air quality and safety / Committee on Airliner Cabin Air Quality, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Airliner Cabin Air Quality.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Aircraft cabins--Health aspects.

Aircraft cabins.

Indoor air pollution.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (319 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1986.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Each year Americans take more than 300 million plane trips staffed by a total of some 70,000 flight attendants. The health and safety of these individuals are the focus of this volume from the Committee on Airliner Cabin Air Quality.

Contents:

The Airliner Cabin Environment

Copyright

Preface

Acknowledgments

Contents

Executive Summary

CABIN AIR QUALITY

Carbon Dioxide

Humidity

Ozone

Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Aerosols

Cabin Environment

EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

WORLDWIDE AIRLINE REGULATIONS

FEASIBILITY OF DATA COLLECTION

Introduction

STRUCTURE OF REPORT

PROBLEMS IN STUDYING AIRLINER CABIN AIR QUALITY

PROBLEMS IN STUDYING THE HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH AIRLINER CABIN AIR QUALITY

REFERENCES

1 Profile of Commercial Air Travel

PASSENGERS

FLIGHT ATTENDANTS AND FLIGHT CREW

THE U.S. AIRLINE INDUSTRY

FAA DATA ON SELECTED INCIDENTS

2 Environmental Control Systems on Commercial Passenger Aircraft

DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

Compressed-Air Sources

The Environmental Control Unit

Air Distribution

Exhaust Systems

Recirculation Systems

Temperature Control

Pressure Control

PERFORMANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

Load Factors

EFFECT OF VENTILATION ON TOTAL CABIN ENVIRONMENT

Ventilation and Contamination

Air Velocity and Cabin Flow Patterns

Relative Humidity

Effect of Recirculation on Contamination

Cost of Ventilation

3 Standards, Regulations, and Industry Practices

U.S. REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS

Ventilation

Fires

Depressurization

Medical Emergencies

Ditching and Evacuation

Additional Passenger Briefings

FOREIGN REGULATIONS

INDUSTRY OPERATING PROCEDURES

FAA INVESTIGATION AND ENFORCEMENT

Investigation of Violations

Enforcement Actions

Review and Appeal

Effectiveness and Adequacy of FAA Inspection and Enforcement

ADEQUACY AND EFFICACY OF PASSENGER SAFETY INFORMATION

Factors Influencing Passenger Emergency Behavior.

Attention, Comprehension, and Recall under Stress

Improving Passenger Safety Briefings

OVERVIEW

4 Air Quality in Emergency Situations

ONBOARD FIRES

Inhibiting Ignition

Materials Testing and Selection

Smoke Detection and Firefighting

Removal of Toxic Fumes

Individual Smoke and Fume Protection

Emergency Escape

Passenger Safety Briefings

DEPRESSURIZATION

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5 Cabin Air Pollutants: Sources and Exposures

OZONE

Ozone in Commercial Aircraft Cabins

Health Effects of Ozone under High-Altitude Conditions

Groups at Increased Risk of Health Effects

Recommendations

COSMIC RADIATION

Characteristics of Cosmic Radiation

Exposure of Passengers and Crew

Radiation Exposure in Aircraft and from Other Natural Sources

GROUND FUMES

ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE

Aircraft Ventilation and Smoke Concentrations

Concentrations of ETS Constituents Measured on Aircraft

Standards for Other Environments

Exposure to ETS on Airliners

Health Effects in Airplanes

Health Effects in Other Environments

Groups at Increased Risk

Prevention of Exposure to ETS

Summary

BIOLOGIC AEROSOLS

Types of Biologic Pollutants Possible in Aircraft

Sources of Biologic Pollutants

Factors Affecting Airborne Concentrations of Biologic Pollutants and their Health Effects

Airborne Concentrations Necessary to Cause Health Effects or Discomfort

Available Data

Available Predictive Data from Other Sources

Available Data on Aircraft

Conclusions and Recommendations

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

Aircraft Ventilation and Relative Humidity

Measured Relative Humidity in Aircraft

Effects of Low Relative Humidity on Passengers and Crew.

Reported Health Effects of Low Relative Humidity in Other Environments

PRESSURIZATION

CARBON DIOXIDE

OTHER POTENTIAL EXPOSURES

6 Health Effects Associated with Exposure to Airliner Cabin Air

HEALTH EFFECTS OF CONCERN

Irritation and Inflammation

Infection

Respiratory Impairment

Cardiovascular Effects

Neoplasms

Reproductive Disorders

Miscellaneous

MONITORING AND SURVEILLANCE OF CREW AND PASSENGER HEALTH

Pilots

Flight Attendants and Passengers

FAA Surveillance Activities

GROUPS AT INCREASED RISK

7 Desirability and Feasibility of Additional Data Collection

GENERAL CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES

MEASURES OF AIRLINER CABIN AIR QUALITY

MEASURES OF HEALTH EFFECTS

OTHER SUBJECTS

Appendix A A Computer Model for Assessing Airliner Cabin Air Quality

CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT

MATHEMATICAL DEVELOPMENT

OPERATING PROCEDURES

SIMULATING AIRLINER AIR QUALITY

Appendix B Selected Material from the FAA Accident/Incident Data System

Appendix C Airliner Cabin Safety Regulations and Standards

Glossary.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographies.

ISBN:

9786610221837

9781280221835

1280221836

9780309542593

0309542596

9780585142913

0585142912

OCLC:

44965973