The Medical implications of nuclear war / Institute of Medicine National Academy of Sciences ; Fredric Solomon and Robert Q. Marston, editors ; with a foreword by Lewis Thomas.

Format:

Book

Conference/Event

Contributor:

Solomon, Fredric.

Marston, Robert Q., 1923-

Institute of Medicine (U.S.)

Conference Name:

Symposium on the Medical Implications of Nuclear War (1985 : National Academy of Sciences)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nuclear warfare--Health aspects--Congresses.

Nuclear warfare.

Emergency medical services--Congresses.

Emergency medical services.

Nuclear warfare--Environmental aspects--Congresses.

Nuclear warfare--Psychological aspects--Congresses.

Nuclear warfare--Social aspects--Congresses.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xviii, 619 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1986.

Summary:

Written by world-renowned scientists, this volume portrays the possible direct and indirect devastation of human health from a nuclear attack. The most comprehensive work yet produced on this subject, The Medical Implications of Nuclear War includes an overview of the potential environmental and physical effects of nuclear bombardment, describes the problems of choosing who among the injured would get the scarce medical care available, addresses the nuclear arms race from a psychosocial perspective, and reviews the medical needs--in contrast to the medical resources likely to be available--after a nuclear attack. "It should serve as the definitive statement on the consequences of nuclear war."-- Arms Control Today

Contents:

The Medical Implications of Nuclear War

Copyright

Contents

FOREWORD

PREFACE

UNDERSTANDING AND PREVENTING NUCLEAR WAR: THE EXPANDING ROLE OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY

Bibliography Some Recent Books Published By Scientific Organizations Concerned With Nuclear War

PART I NUCLEAR WAR WITH MODEM WEAPONS: PHYSICAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

Possible Fatalities from Superfires Following Nuclear Attacks in or Near Urban Areas

INTRODUCTION

INCENDIARY EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS

SUPERFIRES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS

ESTIMATES OF NOXIOUS GAS CONCENTRATIONS WITHIN THE MASS FIRE REGION

COMBINED TOXIC EFFECTS OF FIRE GASES AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

MASS FIRE EXPERIENCES OF WORLD WAR II

MODEL FOR ESTIMATING FATALITIES FROM SUPERFIRES

FATALITY POTENTIAL OF SUPERFIRES

COMPARISON OF OTHER TARGET SETS WITH THE REFERENCE CASE

CONCLUSION

Notes

A Review of the Physics of Large Urban Fires

HISTORY OF URBAN FIRES

CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE-SCALE URBAN FIRES

MODELING LARGE-FIRE ENVIRONMENTS

SUMMARY

References

Recent Assessments of the Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War

NEW FINDINGS

POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF PLASTICS TO NUCLEAR WINTER

APPENDIX

Scope/Enuwar Executive Summary

Executive Summary

1. DIRECT EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS

2. STRATEGIES AND SCENARIOS FOR A NUCLEAR WAR

3. THE EXTENT OF FIRES AND GENERATION OF SMOKE

4. THE EVOLUTION AND RADIATIVE EFFECTS OF THE SMOKE

5. SMOKE-INDUCED ATMOSPHERIC PERTURBATIONS

6. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY IN A POST-NUCLEAR-WAR ENVIRONMENT

7. RADIOLOGICAL DOSE

8. TASKS FOR THE FUTURE

Nuclear Famine: The Indirect Effects of Nuclear War

ECOSYSTEM VULNERABILITIES

AGRICULTURAL VULNERABILITIES

VULNERABILITY TO DISRUPTIONS IN FOOD AVAILABILITY

CONCLUSION.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Nuclear Winter: The State of the Science

Atmospheric Perturbations of Large-Scale Nuclear War

Possible Toxic Environments Following a Nuclear War

TOXIC CHEMICALS

ULTRAVIOLET SPRING

PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG FORMATION

CONCLUSIONS

Radioactive Fallout

OVERVIEW

RADIOACTIVITY FROM NUCLEAR WEAPONS

Introduction

Local Fallout

Single-Weapon Fallout Model

Dose Estimation From Multiple Explosions

Sample Calculation Of Multiple-Weapon Fallout

Global Fallout

Global Dose In An Unperturbed Atmosphere Using Specific Scenarios

Global Fallout In A Perturbed Atmosphere

Internal Dose Due To Inhalation And The Food Chain

Summary

RADIOACTIVITY FROM NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE FACILITIES

APPENDIX: THE IMPACT OF FALLOUT ON HUMANS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

PART II HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR WAR

Casualties Due to the Blast, Heat, and Radioactive Fallout from Various Hypothetical Nuclear Attacks on the…

CASUALTIES FROM "100-MEGATON" ATTACKS

Blast and Burn Casualty Models

Overpressure Model

Ranges of Casualties Calculated for 100-Mt Attacks on U.S. City Centers, Military-Supporting Industry, or Strategic…

CASUALTIES FROM A MAJOR ATTACK ON U.S. STRATEGIC NUCLEAR TARGETS

Description Of The Attack

FALLOUT CASUALTY MODEL

Radiation Protection Factors

Population Radiation Sensitivity

Cancers

Ranges of Casualties Calculated for Attack on U.S. Strategic Nuclear Targets

Acute Radiation Mortality in a Nuclear War

Burn and Blast Casualties: Triage in Nuclear War

THE CONCEPT OF TRIAGE

EXPERIENCE WITH MASS CASUALTY MANAGEMENT

The U.S. Civil War.

World War I

World War II

The Vietnam War

Summary Of Experience From Conventional War

BURN AND BLAST INJURIES IN NUCLEAR WAR

Triage in Nuclear War

Medical Management

Blast Injury

Head Injuries

Thoracic Injuries

Tympanic Membrane Rupture

Long-Bone Fractures

Soft Tissue Injuries

Abdominal Injuries

Burn Injury

Casualty Assessment

Review Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki Data

Projections Of Number Of Injured And Number Of Providers

Medical Response

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Food and Nutrition in the Aftermath of Nuclear War

Psychological Consequences of Disaster: Analogies for the Nuclear Case

Classification Of Disasters As Analogies For The Nuclear Case

Disaster Agents

Appropriateness Of Analogies

ANALYSIS OF HUMAN REACTIONS TO DISASTERS

Threat

Warnings

Studies Of Disaster Warnings

Short Warning Times

Longer Warning Times

Effects Of Warnings, And Features That Lead People To Heed Them

POSTDISASTER BEHAVIOR: IMPACT, RECOIL, AND POSTIMPACT

Impact

Recoil

Postimpact

CONVENTIONAL BOMBING

Preparations

Effects

NUCLEAR BOMBING: HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI

References And Bibliography

The Immunological Impact of Nuclear Warfare

BACKGROUND

IONIZING RADIATION

ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

BURNS AND TRAUMA

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS: STRESS, DEPRESSION, AND BEREAVEMENT

MALNUTRITION

DISCUSSION

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Expected Incidence of Cancer Following Nuclear War

Genetic Consequences of Nuclear War

RADIATION DOSE TO SURVIVORS

GENETIC RADIATION EFFECTS

POPULATIONS AND EFFECTS

OTHER EFFECTS ON FUTURE GENERATIONS

GENETIC HANDICAPS IN THE POSTWAR WORLD

THE WORSE, THE BETTER: A TRAGIC PARADOX

Notes.

PART III MEDICAL RESOURCE NEEDS AND AVAILABILITY FOLLOWING NUCLEAR WAR

Medical Supply and Demand in a Post-Nuclear-War World

SUPPLY VERSUS DEMAND: A MASSIVE EXCHANGE

Number And Types Of Injuries

Current Versus Postattack Resources And Requirements

Medical Personnel

Hospital Beds

Blood And Blood Products

Postattack Requirements for Blood and Fluids

Trauma

Burns

Radiation

Drugs and Medical Supplies: Preattack and Postattack Resources Versus Need

Resources

Needs

SUPPLY VERSUS DEMAND: A ONE-MEGATON AIRBURST OVER AN URBAN CENTER

SUPPLY VERSUS DEMAND: THE DEVELOPING WORLD

Need Versus Availability

Drugs

Medical Equipment

Food

The Consequences of Nuclear War: An Economic and Social Perspective

WARNINGS OF WAR

THE DIRECT AND IMMEDIATE IMPACT OF WAR

Damage To Cities

Damage to Electronic Systems: Effects of Electromagnetic Pulse

Direct Consequences for Medical Care

THE LINGERING EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR WAR

Prospects for a General Economic Recovery

Reasons for Doubting Economic Projections

Methodological Concerns

The Social Aspects Of Recovery

Conceptual Framework

Application To CRP-2b

Critical Industries: Prospects For Recovery

Pharmaceutical Industry

Energy Industry

Capital As Embodied Energy

Do We Have Enough Oil And Gas To Rebuild?

Agriculture

Money, Credit, And Banking

Trade Relationships

Treatment Of Surviving Capital

Why Would the U.S. Experience Differ from That of Germany and Japan?

NOTES

PART IV IMAGES AND RISKS OF NUCLEAR WAR: PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVES

Children's and Adolescents' Perceptions of the Threat of Nuclear War: Implications of Recent Studies

SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING.

RELATIVE WEIGHT OF NUCLEAR WAR VERSUS OTHER ISSUES

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

Finland

Canada

New Zealand

Sweden

International Survey Research

Ussr-United States

QUALITATIVE STUDIES

Methodological Issues

Characteristics Of The Nuclear Issue

Feelings Engendered In Those Who Become Involved: A Painful Awareness

IMPLICATIONS

The Nature of Young People's Experience and the Need for Education

HOPE AND THE FUTURE

Scandinavian Youth View the Future: A Preliminary Report of a Large Questionnaire Survey

STUDY METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY

Adult Beliefs, Feelings, and Actions Regarding Nuclear War: Evidence from Surveys and Experiments

MODAL BELIEFS ABOUT NUCLEAR WAR

MODAL FEELINGS ABOUT NUCLEAR WAR

MODAL ACTIONS REGARDING NUCLEAR WAR

SOURCES OF THE CONSENSUAL BELIEFS, FEELINGS, AND (IN) ACTION

PREDISPOSITIONS TO ACTION

Hope and the Denial of Stress in the Nuclear Age

The Nuclear Arms Race and the Psychology of Power

PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERS

EMOTIONAL INSTIGATORS OF VIOLENCE

THE IMAGE OF THE ENEMY

VIOLENCE AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS

NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND CONCEPTUAL INERTIA

NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND DEMONSTRATION OF RESOLVE

GROUNDS FOR HOPE CREATED BY NEW TECHNOLOGIES

Managerial Demands of Modern Weapons Systems

Sources of Human Instability in the Handling of Nuclear Weapons

THE CHARACTER OF THE WORK AND ITS IMPACT

ALCOHOL, DRUG USE, AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

The U.S. Military

PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEMS

The Soviet Military

The British Military

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AS A SECURITY RISK

THE PERSONNEL RELIABILITY PROGRAM

WEAKNESSES OF THE PERSONNEL RELIABILITY PROGRAM.

STRENGTHENING THE PRP.

Notes:

Based on papers presented at a Symposium on the Medical Implications of Nuclear War held at the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., Sept. 20-22, 1985 and organized under the auspices of the Institute of Medicine.

Includes bibliographies and index.

ISBN:

9786610221851

9781280221859

1280221852

9780309564083

0309564085

OCLC:

814282859